同源多尺度海图生产体系设计及其关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 08:44

本文选题：海图生产体系框架 + 海图源数据融合模型　；参考：《解放军信息工程大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：数字化解决了数据从无到有的问题，，而信息化则需要进一步实现数据的融合共享，以达到数据的一致性、实时性、高效性。我国的海图生产虽然已经实现了数字化，但是相比于发达国家的海图生产水平而言，存在着产品数据不一致、更新周期相对较慢和生产效率难以较大提高等问题。针对这些问题，本文提出了一个新的海图生产体系，并对其关键技术进行了研究。论文主要工作和取得的成果有： 1．对现代海图生产过程中涉及到的“海图生产体系”、“海图数据模型”、“自动综合算法”和“空间数据匹配”等四个关键问题的国内外研究现状进行了评述和分析。 2．提出了同源多尺度海图生产体系的概念、框架结构，分析了其主要生产工序和关键技术。该生产体系通过多源海图数据的融合，保证源数据的唯一性、现势性和产品数据的同宗同源；同时允许产品数据之间存在派生关系，避免了因源数据和产品数据的比例尺跨度过大导致数据生产的困难；引入了“空间几何实例共享池”，实现不同产品数据之间空间几何数据的共享，保证了产品数据之间的一致性。 3．针对实体模型存在数据冗余、容易导致数据不一致，而拓扑模型则过于复杂以及存在关系冗余的问题，本文提出了一个无缝无级空间数据融合模型，不仅能够实现多源空间数据的融合，而且避免了传统空间数据模型中的数据冗余和不一致等问题；结合S-100和S-57两个海图数据国际标准，给出了海图要素模型和海图属性模型，提出了“最小拓扑”空间模式；同时，依据海图源数据融合模型，提出了一套海图源数据库设计与实现的方案：通过海图概念字典和要素目录实现海图数据语义的统一，通过要素集合和空间集合的解耦合实现了海图源数据库的无缝无级表达。 4．针对外部数据与海图源数据不一致的问题，本文提出了一种基于XML，由代词、名词、形容词、条件语句、操作语句等语法结构构成的转换语言，实现了要素和属性的自动转换，并通过拓扑重构技术实现了空间模式的自动转换，进而实现了DNC和CDC数据等外部数据向海图源数据的转换；研究了新数据与源数据库中要素的自动匹配方法，给出了一种“基于误差理论的改进型Hausdorff距离”；最后分析总结了不同海图源数据之间的质量评价因子和质量评价规则知识。 5．针对从源数据库中派生产品数据的情况，本文重点研究了海图水深的自动综合方法。通过对现有水深点群综合方法的分析，发现传统方法将水深点群视为平面点集、过分强调空间分布特征，导致水深自动综合难以实用化；针对现有水深点群自动综合方法的不足，提出了“将水深点群视为空面点集、以海底地形特征识别为基础进行背景水深自动综合”的新思路；通过建立Delaunay三角网和局部动态更新技术，以“离散曲率最小”、“平均间距约束”、“深度变化约束”及其组合方式为约束条件，实现了基于TIN空间曲面的水深点群渐进式自动综合。 6．针对海图源数据库出现更新时，需要将变化信息传递至产品数据的情况，本文重点分析了产品数据中曲线的更新方法。利用曲线约束Delaunay三角网建立CDT-Btree，并通过伪弯曲剔除、重采样等优化以及并列弯曲识别和调整等方法，构造了一种与视觉感受相一致的曲线弯曲特征CDT-Mtree；以CDT-Mtree为基础，通过多级弯曲匹配，实现了源曲线和产品曲线的弯曲匹配和变化识别，进而实现了产品曲线中变化弯曲的增量更新。 7．给出了一个同源多尺度海图生产的实验。以DNC和CDC实验数据为基础构建了海图源数据库原型；对ENC产品规范中关于数据内容的规定进行了总结；以ENC为例，给出了从海图源数据库中生产ENC新数据和更新数据的基本示例，初步验证了同源多尺度生产的可行性。
[Abstract]:Digitalization has solved the problem of data from scratch, and information needs to further realize the integration and sharing of data in order to achieve consistency, real-time and high efficiency of data. Although the production of chart in China has been digitized, but compared to the level of marine chart production in developed countries, there is inconsistent product data and update week. In view of these problems, a new chart production system is proposed and its key technologies are studied in this paper. The main work and achievements of this paper are as follows:
1. the domestic and foreign research status of four key problems, such as "sea chart production system", "sea chart data model", "automatic synthesis algorithm" and "spatial data matching", were reviewed and analyzed in the process of production of modern chart.
2. the concept of the homologous multiscale sea chart production system, the framework structure, the main production process and key technology are analyzed. Through the fusion of the multi source chart data, the production system ensures the uniqueness and the potential of the source data and the same origin of the product data. At the same time, there is a derivative relationship between the product data and the cause of avoiding the source. The difficulty in data production is caused by the large scale span of data and product data, and the "spatial geometry instance sharing pool" is introduced to realize the sharing of spatial geometric data between different product data and ensure the consistency of the product data.
3. in view of the redundancy of data in the entity model, it is easy to cause data inconsistency, and the topology model is too complex and redundant. In this paper, a seamless and stepless spatial data fusion model is proposed, which not only can achieve the fusion of multi source spatial data, but also avoids the data redundancy in the traditional spatial data model. In combination with the international standards of S-100 and S-57 two chart data, the sea chart element model and sea chart attribute model are given, and the "minimum topology" space model is proposed. At the same time, a set of sea map source database design and reality scheme is put forward according to the sea map source data fusion model: the sea chart concept dictionary and the element list are put forward. It realizes the unification of the semantics of chart data, realizes seamless seamless expression of the chart source database by decoupling elements set and space set.
4. in view of the problem that the external data is inconsistent with the data of the chart source, this paper proposes a transformation language based on XML, which is composed of pronouns, nouns, adjectives, conditional statements, operation sentences and other grammatical structures. The automatic conversion of elements and attributes is realized, and the automatic transformation of spatial patterns is realized by the topology reconfiguration technology, and then the D is realized. The transformation of external data from NC and CDC data to the sea map source data; the automatic matching method of the elements in the new data and the source database is studied, and an improved Hausdorff distance based on the error theory is given. Finally, the quality evaluation factor and the quality evaluation rule knowledge between the different sea map source data are analyzed and summarized.
5. in order to derive the product data from the source database, this paper focuses on the automatic synthesis method of the water depth of the sea chart. Through the analysis of the integrated method of the existing water depth point group, it is found that the traditional method regards the water depth group as a plane point set and overemphasizes the spatial distribution characteristics, which causes the automatic synthesis of water depth to be difficult to be practiced. The lack of automatic synthesis method of water depth point group, put forward a new idea of "taking the water depth group as the space point set, taking the seabed terrain feature recognition as the basis for the automatic background water depth synthesis". By establishing the Delaunay triangulation network and the local dynamic updating technology, "the minimum discrete curvature", "the average spacing constraint", "the depth change about" "Bundle" and its combination are constraint conditions, and the gradual automatic generalization of water depth points based on TIN surface is realized.
6. in order to update the sea chart source database, we need to transfer the change information to the product data. This paper focuses on the analysis of the updating method of the curve in the product data. Using the curve to constrain the Delaunay triangulation network to establish the CDT-Btree, and through the pseudo bending rejection, resampling and other optimization as well as the parallel bending identification and adjustment and other methods, A curve bending characteristic CDT-Mtree is consistent with visual perception. Based on CDT-Mtree, the curve matching and change recognition of the source curve and product curve are realized by multistage bending matching, and the incremental updating of the change curve in the product curve is realized.
7. gives an experiment on the production of a homologous multiscale chart. Based on the DNC and CDC experimental data, the prototype of the sea chart source database is built. The provisions of the data content in the ENC product specification are summarized. A basic example of the production of the new ENC data and the updated data from the chart source database is given with the example of ENC, and the preliminary verification is made. The feasibility of homologous multiscale production.
【学位授予单位】：解放军信息工程大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P285.7;U675.81

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