高频GPS实时动态定位技术应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 10:54

本文选题：全球定位系统 + 实时　；参考：《中国地震局地震研究所》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：高频GPS观测可有效监测强震发生时地壳形变的运动学过程，结合地震波及其他地球物理资料，可以为研究地震的破裂过程、地壳介质的非均匀性、震源机制解等提供可靠的检测手段。特别是对高频GPS动态实时定位技术的研究，对于GPS监测和地震预警系统的建立有着重要意义。本文针对GPS载波相位测量定位的基本原理和方法、高精度GPS实时动态数据处理涉及的实时数据质量控等问题进行了深入的探讨和研究，并利用TrackRT模块开展了高频GPS动态观测实验，验证了高频GPS实时动态定位技术的可行性与可靠性。本文主要研究内容和成果如下：（1）简要介绍GPS载波相位测量定位的基本原理和基本方法，分析高频GPS实时动态定位中的主要误差源，讨论相对定位的数学模型。（2）简要介绍GAMIT/GLOBK软件中GPS实时解算模块TrackRT的解算流程，包括GPS数据传输读取、整周模糊度解算等。（3）通过实时地表形变位移动态监测的模拟试验，验证TrackRT模块实时解算高频GPS数据的结果精度。通过对同一地面运动的试验研究，依据基线长度，以及相对参考站的位置，分三种方式（短基线、长基线、网解）进行了实时处理和精度分析。结果表明：在观测数据质量较好的情况下，TrackRT对高频GPS数据的实时定位精度能够优于2cm，垂向分量精度能够达优于5cm。（4）利用GAMIT/GLOBK进行卫星精密定轨和外推。通过广播星历作为轨道初始值，利用30个国内CORS站和84个全球IGS站，采用单天和三天解两种数据处理模式进行GPS精密定轨和外推，简要分析影响定轨精度，，耗时的因素，初步达到了利用全球的GPS跟踪站进行精密实时定轨的目的。总之，通过充分的试验，验证了TrackRT模块算法的可靠性，可以实现实时的高精度定位。在本文的最后，对整个研究工作进行总结，并指出以后继续研究的方向。
[Abstract]:High-frequency GPS observation can effectively monitor the kinematic process of crustal deformation when strong earthquakes occur. Combined with earthquake and other geophysical data, it can be used to study the rupture process of earthquakes and the heterogeneity of crustal media. The focal mechanism solution provides reliable means of detection. Especially, the research on high frequency GPS dynamic real-time positioning technology is of great significance to the establishment of GPS monitoring and earthquake warning system. In this paper, the basic principles and methods of GPS carrier phase measurement and positioning, the real-time data quality control of high precision GPS real-time dynamic data processing and so on are discussed and studied. The high frequency GPS dynamic observation experiment is carried out by using TrackRT module, which verifies the feasibility and reliability of the high frequency GPS real-time dynamic positioning technology. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) the basic principle and method of GPS carrier phase measurement and positioning are briefly introduced, and the main error sources in high frequency GPS real-time dynamic positioning are analyzed. In this paper, the mathematical model of relative positioning is discussed. (2) A brief introduction is given to the solution flow of GPS real-time solution module TrackRT in gamat / GLOBK software, including GPS data transmission and reading. Based on the simulation experiment of real-time ground deformation and displacement dynamic monitoring, the accuracy of real-time calculation of high frequency GPS data by TrackRT module is verified. Based on the experimental study of the same ground motion, according to the baseline length and the position of the reference station, the real-time processing and precision analysis are carried out in three ways (short baseline, long baseline, net solution). The results show that the real time positioning accuracy of TrackRT for high frequency GPS data is better than 2 cm, and the vertical component accuracy is better than 5 cm. 4) precise orbit determination and extrapolation using gamit / GLOBK are carried out by using GAMIT / GLOBK. By using broadcast ephemeris as the initial orbital value, using 30 domestic cors stations and 84 global IGS stations, the GPS precise orbit determination and extrapolation are carried out by using two kinds of data processing modes: single day and three days solution, and the factors that affect the accuracy of orbit determination and the time consuming are analyzed briefly. The goal of precise real-time orbit determination using GPS tracking station around the world is preliminarily achieved. In a word, the reliability of the TrackRT algorithm is verified by sufficient experiments, and the high precision positioning can be realized in real time. At the end of this paper, the whole research work is summarized, and the direction of further research is pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：中国地震局地震研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4

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