基于数字摄影测量的轨道板快速检测关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 17:02

本文选题：工业数字摄影测量 + 稀疏矩阵　；参考：《中国矿业大学（北京）》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：预制单元分块轨道板是高速铁路板式无砟轨道的承载结构，其预制的几何尺寸精度将直接影响高铁的建设质量和运行安全。传统的轨道板检测方法速度慢、效率低，无法满足对生产出的每一块轨道板进行外形尺寸测量的流程要求。论文针对高速铁路轨道板检测需求和传统检测方法存在的不足，引入工业数字摄影测量技术，尝试开展高速铁路轨道板快速检测的几个关键技术研究。论文针对摄影测量数据计算中法方程矩阵具有稀疏性特点，提出了基于LM算法的稀疏矩阵光束法平差算法，解决了摄影测量平差计算阶段效率低的问题，验证了算法的有效性；提出了基于四叉树方法的点到曲面投影初值计算方法，解决了点到自由曲面投影的初值计算问题；通过分析ICP与加速ICP算法，提出了测量点到三维CAD模型间最优拟合计算的加速ICP改进算法，解决了测量数据与产品设计三维模型之间检验的计算问题。在此基础上，设计了基于工业数字摄影测量的高铁轨道板快速检测实验系统，实验分析结果验证了应用该系统进行高铁轨道板快速检测的可行性。
[Abstract]:Prefabricated block track slab is the bearing structure of slab ballastless track in high-speed railway. The precision of prefabricated geometric dimension will directly affect the construction quality and operation safety of high-speed railway. The traditional track plate detection method is slow in speed and low in efficiency, and can not meet the requirement of measuring the shape and size of each track plate produced. In order to meet the needs of high-speed railway track plate detection and the shortcomings of traditional detection methods, this paper introduces the industrial digital photogrammetry technology to try to carry out several key technologies of high-speed railway track plate rapid detection. Aiming at the sparse characteristic of normal equation matrix in photogrammetry data calculation, this paper proposes a sparse matrix beam adjustment algorithm based on LM algorithm, which solves the problem of low efficiency in photogrammetric adjustment calculation stage, and verifies the validity of the algorithm. In this paper, a method of calculating the initial value of point-to-surface projection based on quadtree method is proposed, which solves the problem of calculating the initial value of point-to-free surface projection. An improved ICP algorithm for the optimal fitting between measuring points and 3D CAD models is proposed, which solves the problem of checking between the measured data and the 3D model of product design. On this basis, an experimental system of high-speed rail plate rapid detection based on industrial digital photogrammetry is designed. The experimental results verify the feasibility of using the system for high-speed rail plate rapid detection.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学（北京）
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P231.5

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