基于FPGA的GPS载波相位定位技术的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-07-03 00:07

本文选题：载波相位定位 + LAMBDA　；参考：《北京交通大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球经济快速发展,带动着汽车产业、交通运输业的蓬勃发展；与此同时,道路交通压力也日益增加,一个可以让人、车、路相互作用的智能交通系统(ITS, Intelligent Transport System)也逐渐成为大众关注焦点。ITS旨在建立起覆盖范围广、实时、准确、高效的运输系统。其主要技术包括GPS载波相位定位技术、云计算等。 ITS的技术之一,GPS载波相位定位需要解决的问题有两个,即整周模糊度解算和模糊度周跳探测。整周模糊度决定着定位的时间和精度,本文的重点是研究整周模糊度的求解过程并解算流动站的坐标。在众多模糊度解算算法中, LAMBDA算法由于其定位精度高、计算速度快等特点,现被广泛地运用于GPS载波相位定位中。同时,在本系统中将使用FPGA作为模糊度解算的计算单元。使用FPGA的目的是提高模糊度解算的速度。论文的主要工作如下所示： (1)论文在深入研究LAMBDA算法之后,得出了一种能改进LAMBDA算法关键技术,即降相关作用的算法；并且论文通过大量的实例证明该算法能在高纬度模糊度降相关方面有一定的提高。 (2) LAMBDA算法另一个关键技术是模糊度空间的确定。针对这个问题,论文通过大量的实例分析并验证了现有的比较经典的算法的优劣。在总结对比之后,论文使用一种相对简单和有效的,通过实际备选模糊度修订确定搜索空间的算法来确定模糊度的搜索空间。 (3)论文使用中国香港大地网站提供的数据,通过站星双差观测方程求得流动站的基线坐标,并通过差分GPS定位来修订定位结果,最后对定位结果进行分析。论文中的GPS载波相位定位系统的静态定位平均误差能达到9cm,这与预期的定位结果相接近。在实际生活中,厘米级的定位系统在交通运输方面可以进行车辆监控或急救等；在车载导航方面可以帮助司机智能地选择行使路线,从而高效利用道路资源,减少能源浪费。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the global economy has led to the vigorous development of the automobile industry and the transportation industry. At the same time, the pressure on road traffic is increasing day by day. Intelligent Transport system (ITS), which interacts with roads, has gradually become the focus of public attention. Its aims to establish a wide coverage, real-time, accurate and efficient transportation system. The main technologies include GPS carrier phase positioning, cloud computing and so on. There are two problems that need to be solved in GPS carrier phase positioning, that is, integer ambiguity resolution and ambiguity cycle slip detection. The ambiguity of the whole cycle determines the time and accuracy of the location. The emphasis of this paper is to study the process of solving the ambiguity of the whole cycle and to solve the coordinates of the mobile station. Among many ambiguity resolution methods, Lambda algorithm is widely used in GPS carrier phase positioning because of its high accuracy and fast computing speed. At the same time, FPGA will be used as the calculation unit of ambiguity resolution in this system. The purpose of using FPGA is to improve the speed of ambiguity resolution. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) after deeply studying the Lambda algorithm, a new algorithm which can improve the Lambda algorithm is proposed. And a large number of examples show that the algorithm can improve the correlation of high latitude ambiguity reduction. (2) the determination of ambiguity space is another key technology of Lambda algorithm. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyzes and verifies the advantages and disadvantages of the existing classical algorithms through a large number of examples. After summing up the comparison, the paper uses a relatively simple and effective, The search space of ambiguity is determined by revising the algorithm of determining the search space by using the actual alternative ambiguity. (3) the baseline coordinates of the mobile station are obtained by using the data provided by the Hong Kong Geodetic website, China. The positioning results are revised by differential GPS positioning. Finally, the positioning results are analyzed. The average static positioning error of the GPS carrier phase positioning system in this paper can reach 9 cm, which is close to the expected positioning results. In real life, centimeter positioning system can carry out vehicle monitoring or first aid in traffic and transportation; in vehicle navigation, it can help drivers choose the route intelligently, thus efficiently utilize road resources and reduce energy waste.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4;TN791

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