基于PS-InSAR技术与信息熵的北京典型区域不均匀地面沉降研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 16:11

本文选题：不均匀地面沉降 + 永久散射体干涉测量　；参考：《首都师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：地面沉降是地面高程下降的一种环境地质现象,会造成永久性的环境资源损失。自上世纪60年代北京发现地面沉降起,平原地区一直呈现快速发展趋势。北京平原区发生地面沉降的原因主要是地下资源尤其是地下水超量开采,然而,随着近年来城市建设的快速发展,高层和超高层建筑物等静载荷、轨道交通等形成的动载荷的急剧增加,在一定程度上加剧北京区域地面沉降。北京不同区域内地下水开采量不同,加之建筑群体及轨道交通等分布存在差异,导致区域不均匀地面沉降的发生。不均匀地面沉降不仅会导致建筑物基底失衡,诱使建筑物倒塌,亦可造成线性轨道交通、地下管线的损坏,带来严重的经济损失,影响着人民生产、生活安全。然而,目前专门针对不均匀地面沉降进行的研究还处于探索阶段,且大多以目视为主。信息熵为离散随机事件的出现概率,用以描述物质运动的无序度和混乱度,可以作为研究区域地面沉降差异性的指标。信息熵越小,说明区域中地面沉降速率相对集中,且偏差较小,地面沉降的不均匀性较弱；反之,信息熵较大,则说明区域内地面沉降速率相对分散,区域内部差异性较大,系统较为复杂,地面沉降的不均匀程度比较高。某区域熵值从0到最大的过程,事实上就是该区域沉降不均匀程度增大的过程。本文以北京平原典型区域作为研究区,采用PS-InSAR技术,获取区域地面沉降监测信息,初步分析地面沉降的空间分布特征。在此基础上,以乡镇为单位,结合信息熵理论定量分析北京典型沉降区的不均匀地面沉降分布特征,取得了如下结论： (1)利用PS-InSAR技术,获取了北京地面沉降监测信息(2010～2013),分析结果发现,地面沉降最严重的地区为朝阳区和通州区台湖镇,最大沉降速率分别为77.69mm/a和76.1mm/a。 (2)在利用PS-InSAR技术获取北京平原区地面沉降信息的基础上,对地面沉降数据进行分类,经过计算得到各乡镇的地面沉降信息熵。结果表明,朝阳区的信息熵较大,为3.02bit,说明该地区地面沉降的不均匀程度较高,通州的信息熵相对较小,为2.69bit,说明不均匀程度降相对较低。北京不均匀地面沉降的研究结果具有一定的理论和实际意义,为进一步控制和防治地面沉降提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Ground subsidence is an environmental geological phenomenon of ground elevation decline, which will cause a permanent loss of environmental resources. Since the ground subsidence was found in Beijing in the 60s of last century, the plain area has been developing rapidly. The reasons of ground subsidence in the Beijing plain are mainly underground resources, especially groundwater overexploitation, however, along with it, In recent years, the rapid development of urban construction, the rapid increase of dynamic load, such as high and super high-rise buildings, such as static load, rail traffic and so on, aggravates the ground subsidence in Beijing area to a certain extent. The water exploitation in different regions of Beijing is different, and the distribution of building group and rail traffic is different, which leads to regional uneven distribution. Ground subsidence occurs. Uneven ground subsidence will not only lead to the imbalance of the building base, induce the collapse of the building, but also cause the linear rail traffic, the damage of the underground pipeline, the serious economic loss, the people's production and the safety of life. However, the research on the uneven ground settlement is still in the exploration order at present. And most of them are visual.
Information entropy is the probability of occurrence of discrete random events, which can be used to describe the disorder degree and confusion of material movement, which can be used as an indicator of the difference of ground subsidence in the region. The smaller the entropy, the relative concentration of ground subsidence rate in the region is relatively small and the inhomogeneity of ground subsidence is weak. Conversely, the information entropy is larger, then the area is illustrated. The land subsidence rate in the region is relatively scattered, the internal differences in the region are large, the system is more complex and the uneven degree of the ground subsidence is relatively high. The process of the entropy value from 0 to the maximum in a certain region is in fact the process of increasing the uneven settlement of the region.
Taking the typical area of Beijing plain as research area, this paper uses PS-InSAR technology to obtain regional ground subsidence monitoring information and preliminarily analyses the spatial distribution characteristics of ground subsidence. On this basis, the characteristics of uneven ground settlement distribution in typical subsidence areas of Beijing are quantitatively analyzed with the information entropy theory, and the following results have been obtained. On:
(1) using PS-InSAR technology, the ground subsidence monitoring information of Beijing (2010~2013) is obtained. The analysis results show that the most serious ground subsidence areas are Chaoyang District and Taihu town in Tongzhou District, and the maximum settlement rate is 77.69mm/a and 76.1mm/a., respectively.
(2) on the basis of using PS-InSAR technology to obtain the ground subsidence information in the Beijing plain area, the ground subsidence data are classified and the information entropy of the land subsidence in each township is calculated. The results show that the information entropy of Chaoyang District is large, which is 3.02bit, which indicates that the uneven degree of ground subsidence in this area is high and the information entropy of Tongzhou is relatively small. For 2.69bit, it shows that the degree of uneven reduction is relatively low. The research results of uneven ground subsidence in Beijing have some theoretical and practical significance, and provide a scientific basis for further control and control of ground subsidence.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P225.1;P642

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