青藏块体东北缘跨断层场地数据库的设计与建立

发布时间：2018-07-09 11:41

本文选题：青藏块体东北缘 + 跨断层　；参考：《西安科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：地震预测到如今还是探索性研宄项目，特别是对于中、短期或临震前的预测还处于探索阶段，远远没有到可以实用的程度。一些学者对实现地震预报抱有怀疑，对于用行政手段组织地震预测持保留态度。地震预测的科学前提是认识地震孕育和发生的物理过程，包括地球介质物理、力学性质的异常变化。但是人类对地震成因和地震发生的规律还知之甚少，主要是因为地震是宏观自然界中大规模的深层的变动过程，不同于实验室中单纯的可控条件下进行的样品试验，其影响因素过于复杂，还可能有人类未知的因素存在。其中地壳形变测量学就是以大地形变观测为基础，研宄现今地壳构造运动和地震孕育过程的形变特征及其机理，直接为强震预测及其它形变灾害研宄服务的一门学科。而在利用跨断层测量预报地震时，形变异常通常是作为地震前兆信息的一个非常重要指标，也是短临地震预报的重要基础。本文研宄的内容就是在现有条件下怎样更充分地综合利用断层形变资料来研宄地震预测预报方面的问题。针对断层分析中形变异常产生的多源性，考虑当前青藏块体东北缘跨断层测量场地基础信息管理和使用中存在的场地基础资料不完整、且多系纸介质存储，不便查询和使用；场地的断层监测数据与相关的基础地理信息分离，不便于进行综合分析等问题，探讨了建立跨断层场地基础数据库的方法，并研发基于GIS的跨断层测量场地基础信息管理系统，以提高跨断层形变监测信息的管理、分析和利用。主要内容有： (1)跨断层场地基础数据的收集与整理跨断层场地基础数据除包括断层基本信息和各期断层测量原始数据外，还包括场地概况、地理环境、地形图、气候、温度、场地地质背景、场地周围历史地震情况等多项基础信息，同时研宄引起形变异常的可能因素以及影响条件和力度，以便能提高地震分析预报的科学性和准确性。 (2)跨断层场地数据库模型设计模型是在数据的基础上建立起来的，数据模型包括了矢量数据模型、栅格数据模型以及失栅一体化模型。根据对跨断层场地数据的实际应用需求分析，结合相关的数据规范要求，我们选用了关系数据库作为本数据库的建库理论基础，设计出了跨断层场地数据库模型，并根据实际情况通过各种手段进行了优化，提高了跨断层场地数据库的实用性。 (3)跨断层场地数据库的建立根据所建立的数据库模型，将收集到的跨断层场地资料进行数据处理与整合，最终建立独立的跨断层场地数据库。 (4)跨断层场地数据库管理系统的研发基于VS2010+ArcEngine开发环境，在实际功能需求的要求下，，实现了跨断层场地数据库管理系统的设计，为用户提供了友好的交互界面。上述数据库建立的突出特点： ①首次建立跨断层基础信息管理系统，对于提升断层形变分析的深度和广度、异常分析的科学性和准确性具有很大帮助。 ②跨断层场地数据库与成熟的地理信息系统的有机结合。有利于整合地学及其相关专业的调查资料，增强了跨断层场地数据库的可用性；另外，也为其他专业数据库的设计提供了参考。
[Abstract]:Earthquake prediction is still an exploratory research project , especially for medium , short - term or pre - earthquake prediction , which is far from practical . Some scholars have doubts about the realization of earthquake prediction , and have reservations about using administrative means to organize earthquake prediction .

The scientific premise of earthquake prediction is to know the physical process of earthquake inoculation and occurrence , including the abnormal change of physical and mechanical properties of earth medium . However , there are few factors affecting the genesis and the occurrence of earthquakes .

This paper deals with the problem of how to comprehensively utilize the fault deformation data to study the prediction of earthquake prediction under the existing conditions . In view of the multi - source of deformation anomaly in fault analysis , it is considered that the site basic information existing in the field basic information management and use of the northeast margin of Qinghai - Tibet block is incomplete , and the multi - system paper medium is stored , inconvenient to query and use ;
The fault monitoring data of the site is separated from the relevant basic geographic information and is not convenient for comprehensive analysis and so on . The method of establishing the foundation database of the cross - fault site is discussed , and the basic information management system of the cross - fault measurement site based on GIS is developed to improve the management , analysis and utilization of the cross - fault deformation monitoring information .

The main contents are as follows :

( 1 ) Collection and arrangement of basic data of cross - fault site

In addition to the basic information of fault and the original data of each period fault , the cross - fault site basic data includes site survey , geographical environment , topographic map , climate , temperature , site geological background , historical earthquakes around the site , and other basic information , and the possible factors of deformation anomaly and influence conditions and dynamics are studied in order to improve the scientific and accuracy of earthquake analysis and prediction .

( 2 ) Design of Cross - fault Site Database Model

The model is established on the basis of data . The data model includes the vector data model , the grid data model and the lost - grid integration model . Based on the analysis of the actual application requirement of the data of the cross - fault site and the related data specification , we chose the relational database as the base of the database construction theory , designed the cross - fault site database model , and optimized the database according to the actual situation , and improved the practicability of the cross - fault site database .

( 3 ) Establishment of cross - fault site database

according to the established database model , data processing and integration of the collected cross - fault site data are carried out , and an independent cross - fault site database is finally established .

( 4 ) Development of cross - fault site database management system

Based on VS2010 + ArcEngine development environment , under the requirement of practical function , the design of database management system of cross - fault site is realized , which provides friendly interactive interface for users .

The salient features of the above database are :

For the first time , a cross - fault basic information management system is established , which has great help for improving the depth and breadth of fault deformation analysis and the scientific nature and accuracy of anomaly analysis .

( 2 ) the organic combination of cross - fault site database and mature geographic information system .
In addition , reference is provided for the design of other professional databases .
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P315.7;TP311.52

【参考文献】