基于GIS的江西省历史文化名镇名村空间分布特征及影响因素

发布时间：2018-07-15 10:35

【摘要】：随着社会经济和城镇化的快速发展,历史文化名镇名村的保护与开发受到严峻的考验。基于此,国家建设部和文物局于2003年共同颁布了《中国历史文化名村或中国历史文化名镇评选办法》将历史文化名镇名村作为重点保护和开发对象。在此背景下,本文通过对江西省历史文化名镇名村地理信息的收集,基于自然区划分类标准,利用遥感图像对村落进行分类评价;利用Google Earth、ArcGIS10.0技术对江西省历史文化名镇名村的空间分布格局、类型、均衡性四个方面进行空间分布特征研究;通过自然因素、文化因素、交通因素、经济因素对江西省历史文化名镇名村的影响进行分析;最后基于本文的数理分析结果,对江西省历史文化名镇名村的保护和开发提出思考和建议。研究结果表明:(1)村落选址受自然环境因素影响,依据海拔可把历史文化名镇名村划分为平原型、丘陵型和山地型村落,根据村落职能主要分为七种,即耕读型、商贸型、交通型、纪念型、避世型、宗教型、风水型。(2)江西省历史文化名镇名村的整体空间分布特征呈明显的集聚分布;分布数量上具有不均衡性,以吉安市、上饶市、抚州市、赣州市最为集中,分别有25、22、18、18个历史文化名镇名村,占全省总数的69.00%,并形成了以婺源、金溪、吉安市区-吉安县、安义-进贤-丰城为中心的四个历史文化名镇名村集聚区;分布时间上以唐、宋、明、清为主,主要分布在上饶、抚州、吉安、赣州。(3)江西省历史文化名镇名村的影响因素分析,选取了海拔因素、交通因素、文化因素、经济因素四个方面。数据表示,江西省历史文化名镇名村有78%的村镇位于海拔300米以下区域;大部分村镇所处交通位置偏远,可达性差;赣鄱文化作为江西省的文化核心,各地区又分别划分为浔阳文化、豫章文化、临川文化、庐陵文化、赣南客家文化、袁州文化、道教文化、徽文化8大文化圈,江西省历史文化名镇名村以庐陵文化、临川文化、客家文化、徽文化为主;通过对江西省各县市2015年GDP进行可视化表达,60%的历史文化名镇名村都分布在200-400亿元的县市,江西省历史文化名镇名村所处地区经济水平薄弱,有待开发。(4)江西省历史文化名镇名村的保护面临着诸多问题,保护与开发工作应该要充分利用好类型特征,统一规划,合理开发。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy and urbanization, the protection and development of famous villages in historical and cultural towns are severely tested. Based on this, the State Ministry of Construction and the Bureau of Cultural relics jointly promulgated the measures for selecting famous villages and towns of Chinese History and Culture in 2003, which take the famous villages of historical and cultural towns as the key protection and development objects. Under this background, this paper uses remote sensing image to classify and evaluate the villages by collecting the geographical information of the famous villages and villages in Jiangxi Province, based on the classification standard of natural regionalization. The spatial distribution pattern, type and equilibrium of famous towns and villages in Jiangxi Province are studied by using ArcGIS10.0 technology of Google Earthland, and through natural factors, cultural factors and traffic factors, the spatial distribution characteristics of the famous towns and villages in Jiangxi Province are studied in the following four aspects: natural factors, cultural factors, traffic factors, and so on. This paper analyzes the influence of economic factors on the famous villages of historical and cultural towns in Jiangxi Province, and finally, based on the results of mathematical analysis in this paper, puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on the protection and development of famous villages of historical and cultural towns in Jiangxi Province. The results show that: (1) the village location is affected by natural environment factors. According to the altitude, the famous villages of historical and cultural towns can be divided into plain type, hilly type and mountain type. According to the village function, there are mainly seven kinds of villages, namely, ploughing and reading type, commerce type, and so on. Traffic type, memorial type, avoiding the world type, religion type, feng shui type. (2) the overall spatial distribution characteristics of famous towns and villages in Jiangxi Province show obvious agglomeration distribution, the distribution quantity is uneven, in Ji'an, Shangrao and Fuzhou, Ganzhou is the most concentrated, with 25, 22, 18 famous historical and cultural towns and villages, accounting for 69. 00% of the total number of historical and cultural towns in the province, and forming four famous historical and cultural villages agglomeration areas centered on Wuyuan, Jinxi, Ji'an-Ji'an County, Anyi-Jinxian-Fengcheng. The distribution time is mainly in Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, mainly distributed in Shangrao, Fuzhou, Ji'an and Ganzhou. (3) the factors affecting the famous villages of historical and cultural towns in Jiangxi Province are analyzed, and the factors of altitude, traffic and culture are selected. Four aspects of economic factors. According to the data, 78 percent of the famous villages in Jiangxi Province are located in areas below 300 meters above sea level; most of the villages and towns are located in remote traffic locations with poor accessibility; and Ganpo culture is the cultural core of Jiangxi Province. Each region is divided into eight cultural circles: Xunyang culture, Yuzhang culture, Linchuan culture, Luling culture, Gannan Hakka culture, Yuanzhou culture, Taoist culture and Hui culture. Hakka culture, Hui culture is the main part, 60% of the famous historical and cultural towns and villages are distributed in the county and city of 20-40 billion yuan by visualizing the GDP of every county and city in Jiangxi Province in 2015, and the economic level of the region in which the famous historical and cultural towns and villages in Jiangxi Province are located is weak. (4) there are many problems in the protection of famous towns and villages in Jiangxi Province. The protection and development work should make full use of the characteristics of the types, make unified planning and develop reasonably.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K901.6;P208

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