基于定深水鸟的海洋电缆接收点定位方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 18:21

【摘要】：目前乃至今后很长的一段时间之内，全球各国对石油天然气资源的需要都将是十分巨大的，而海洋石油天然气资源的开发和利用必将发挥越来越重要的作用。海洋地震勘探技术作为海洋石油天然气勘探的重要技术手段之一，对拖缆中接收点的实时位置精度具有较高的要求，以提高探测的精度并大量节约各项成本。实际的外业数据采集过程中，受多种因素的共同作用，拖缆及其中的接收点位置会偏离预定的轨道，此情况在大测区作业时尤其明显。故需要引入定深水鸟作为拖缆形态保持的辅助工具。在分析学习国内外研究成果的基础上，提出基于定深水鸟的海洋电缆接收点定位方法研究。通过带有定位芯片的定深水鸟的实时位置信息解算拖缆中接收点的实时位置信息。主要通过结合最小二乘准则，建立理论的平差模型对接收点位置进行解算。形成可行的算法后进行编程的模拟运算，经过某海域某实验外业数据的检验，形成计算结果并进行精度分析后形成符合预期精度要求的结果。对于带有GPS定位芯片的定深水鸟，存在远海时无法收到差分GPS信号的情况，于是可以引入GPS精密单点定位的方法求得定深水鸟位置信息，从而解算接收点位置信息。从数据预处理的角度入手，分析和讨论了提高GPS精密单点定位精度的方法，，并将思路和算法编程实现，结合实际数据进行验证。结果表明解算后得到的精密单点定位的精度得到了提高，证明了算法具有可行性。考虑到信息安全和国防安全的需要，必须使用带有我国自主定位导航系统——“北斗”系统芯片的定深水鸟进行精密单点定位。通过分析和论证，证明“北斗”系统能够提供满足精密单点定位要求的精度。因为目前GPS系统的成熟性，所以在某些时候同时使用两个系统可以提高定位精度和效率，并且节约成本。双系统的融合应该从信息融合的高度进行，考虑从卡尔曼滤波的算法切入，分析和论证了系统兼容的可行性。通过基于定深水鸟的海洋电缆接收点定位方法研究,形成以下创新点：（1）针对带有定位芯片的定深水鸟可以反馈实时位置的特点，设计算法并编程实现对海洋电缆接收点实时位置的解算。（2）基于远海端需要应用GPS精密单点定位技术的原因，从数据预处理的角度出发，设计并编程实现基于GPS系统的定深水鸟精密单点定位的提高定位精度的算法,从而提高解算海洋电缆接收点实时位置的精度。
[Abstract]:At present and even for a long time in the future, the needs of oil and gas resources in the world will be very great, and the exploitation and utilization of offshore oil and gas resources will play an increasingly important role. As one of the important technical means of offshore oil and gas exploration, offshore seismic exploration technology has high requirements for the real-time position accuracy of the receiving point in the towing cable, in order to improve the detection accuracy and save a lot of cost. In the actual field data acquisition process, the position of the towing cable and its receiving point will deviate from the predetermined track due to the joint action of many factors, which is especially obvious in the operation of the large survey area. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce Deepwater Bird as an auxiliary tool to maintain the shape of towing cable. On the basis of analyzing and studying the domestic and foreign research results, a new method of ocean cable receiving point location based on fixed deep-water bird is proposed. The real time position information of the receiving point in the towing cable is calculated by the real time position information of the fixed deepwater bird with a positioning chip. Based on the least square criterion, a theoretical adjustment model is established to calculate the position of the receiving point. After the feasible algorithm is formed, the program simulation operation is carried out. After the test of some experiment field data in a certain sea area, the calculation result is formed and the precision analysis is carried out, and the result that meets the expected precision requirement is obtained. For the fixed deep-water bird with GPS positioning chip, the differential GPS signal can not be received when there is a distant sea, so the position information of the fixed deep-water bird can be obtained by using the GPS precise single-point positioning method, and the position information of the receiving point can be calculated. From the point of view of data preprocessing, this paper analyzes and discusses the method of improving the precision of GPS precise single point positioning, and realizes the idea and algorithm by programming, and verifies it with the actual data. The results show that the precision of single point positioning is improved, and the feasibility of the algorithm is proved. Considering the need of information security and national defense security, it is necessary to use the "Beidou" system chip with China's autonomous positioning and navigation system to carry out precise single-point positioning. Through analysis and demonstration, it is proved that Beidou system can provide precision to meet the requirement of precise single point positioning. Because of the maturity of GPS system at present, it can improve the positioning accuracy and efficiency and save the cost by using the two systems at the same time. The fusion of two systems should be carried out from the level of information fusion. The feasibility of system compatibility is analyzed and proved by using Kalman filter algorithm. Based on the research of fixed deep-water bird's receiving point location method of ocean cable, the following innovation points are formed: (1) aiming at the characteristic that fixed deep-water bird with positioning chip can feedback real-time position, The algorithm is designed and programmed to calculate the real time position of the receiving point of the ocean cable. (2) based on the reason of the need to apply GPS precise single point positioning technology to the far sea end, the paper starts from the point of view of data preprocessing. The algorithm of precise single point positioning of fixed deep-water bird based on GPS system is designed and programmed to improve the accuracy of real-time position calculation of the receiving point of ocean cable.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4

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