基于RS和GIS的生态环境质量综合评价与时空变化分析——以湖北省秭归县为例

发布时间：2018-07-17 07:59

【摘要】：基于RS和GIS的信息技术是快速、有效地评价区域生态环境的重要手段。利用秭归县2002年TM和2013年OLI遥感影像及提取的土地利用数据,运用主成分分析法构建了生态环境质量综合评价模型,该模型耦合了生物丰度指数、植被覆盖度指数、水体密度指数、土壤侵蚀指数和人类活动指数,绘制了研究区生态环境质量的等级分布图,同时利用生态环境质量变化的差值检测和生态等级的转移矩阵,揭示了生态环境质量的时空变化特征。结果表明:2002~2013年秭归县的生态环境总体质量较好,且不断改善,质量等级优的面积比重由2002年的59.24%上升到2013年的82.65%;27.26%的地区生态环境质量变好,主要分布在河流外围的农耕地区,仅有6.09%的地区生态环境质量变差,主要分布在河流沿岸地和坡度变率大的土地利用过渡地带;根据生态环境质量的转移动态分析表明,生态等级转向优和良的面积,占总共转移的92.98%,而转向差和较差的仅占总共转移的0.48%。
[Abstract]:Information technology based on RS and GIS is an important means to evaluate regional ecological environment quickly and effectively. Based on the TM and Oli remote sensing images of Zigui County in 2002 and 2013 and the land use data extracted, a comprehensive evaluation model of ecological environment quality was constructed by principal component analysis. The model coupled biological abundance index and vegetation coverage index. Water density index, soil erosion index and human activity index were used to map the ecological environmental quality of the study area. At the same time, the difference detection of ecological environmental quality and the transfer matrix of ecological grade were used. The temporal and spatial characteristics of ecological environment quality are revealed. The results showed that the overall quality of ecological environment in Zigui County from 2002 to 2013 was better, and the proportion of the area with superior quality grade increased from 59.24% in 2002 to 27.26% in 2013, mainly distributed in the agricultural areas around the river. Only 6.09% of the areas became poor in ecological environment quality, mainly distributed in the land use transition zone along the river coast and in the land use zone with high slope change rate, and according to the dynamic analysis of the ecological environmental quality transfer, the ecological grade turned to good and excellent area. Accounting for 92.98% of the total transfer, and poor only 0.48% of the total transfer.
【作者单位】：西北大学城市与环境学院;四川师范大学地理与资源科学学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目(10YJA910010) 陕西省农业科技攻关项目(2011K02-11) 西安市科技计划农业技术研发项目(NC1402;NC150201) 西北大学研究生自主创新项目(YZZ14013)
【分类号】：X826;X87;P208

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