基于转发测距数据的GEO导航卫星定轨方法研究
发布时间：2018-07-20 21:48
【摘要】：GEO卫星覆盖性能好，在WAAS、IRNSS、QZSS、EGNOS、BDS、CAPS等区域增强和区域导航系统中得到广泛应用。GEO卫星精密定轨及预报对高精度的导航和精密实时定位用户来说具有至关重要的作用。因此开展GEO卫星精密测定轨理论与方法研究对卫星导航系统、区域增强系统的建设具有积极的推动作用。 GEO卫星与地面相对静止，，站星之间几何关系变化小，钟差及测站偏差等系统误差难以分离；系统跟踪站局限于国内，地面观测几何结构不好使轨道精度不高；GEO卫星的频繁机动控制，给GEO卫星精密轨道的确定和预报带来较大困难。 转发器式卫星测轨方法具有将卫星轨道和星地钟差分离的优势，被应用于CAPS。本论文围绕上述问题，基于C波段转发测距方法及VLBI、SLR测量方法，在以下几个方面进行深入探讨和研究： 1．自发自收及差分模式的GEO卫星定轨预报 针对转发模式自发自收数据的径向约束能力强、横向约束能力弱的问题，依据VLBI测量原理、自发自收模式、一发多收模式，提出了转发模式副站与副站差分模式，详细推导了该模式的观测方程及测量矩阵，并克服了副站之间没有直接TWSTFT比对链路，无法直接得到副站站间钟差的问题。 利用2005年6月的C波段自发自收测距数据、副站差分数据进行了联合定轨预报试验，C波段转发测距数据单独定轨预报试验，分析了副站差分对轨道横向精度的影响，预报残差与预报轨道差的关系。 2．基于国际SLR数据的自发自收轨道精度评估 系统建成后，由于租用的GEO卫星上并未安装激光反射器，因此基于CAPS的GEO卫星轨道从未使用SLR数据进行评估；CAPS测站系统差从未基于SLR数据进行标校。本文给出了CAPS中的外环时延测量方法及时延组成要素、转发模式自发自收测距测量模型，并首次利用国际SLR数据对基于CAPS的GEO卫星轨道进行了精度评估，利用国内SLR数据对CAPS测站系统差进行标校；分析了CAPS的测站分布对GEO卫星定轨精度的影响、系统差标校精度。经试验验证，国内激光站的视向检验残差较小，约为0.5m，而南半球激光站的视向检验残差较大,约为3.3m。 3. GEO卫星分时观测模式研究 针对目前CAPS常规连续观测模式，无法实现1天内对多颗GEO卫星进行观测的问题，论文探究了CAPS在GEO卫星非机动期间的单天线对多颗卫星的分时观测模式及策略；基于2005年6月的转发模式连续观测资料，生成了3种分时观测资料，并最终给出了满足轨道精度优于2m的单天线对多颗GEO卫星的分时观测策略。 4. GEO卫星跨机动定轨及预报方法研究 为了满足导航用户对于机动期间轨道及机动后轨道快速恢复的需求，在卫星机动期间，通过建立等价的机动力模型，研究跨机动期间的定轨方法和优化策略，保证轨道的连续性。并基于机动前不同时段的C波段观测资料，分析了机动前的资料对跨机动定轨及预报精度的影响，分析了机动后短弧定轨预报与跨机动定轨预报的优劣性。 5.基于VLBI与C波段转发测距数据的联合定轨试验 GEO卫星机动后短弧资料较少，且C波段自发自收数据横向约束能力弱。论文利用2010年中国VLBI网与C波段测轨网的VLBI和C波段转发测距资料进行了分析处理，为实现VLBI应用于轨道机动后轨道快速恢复提供试验支持。论文进行了C波段转发测距数据单独定轨试验、VLBI时延与时延率定轨试验、联合定轨试验，并分析了不同基线对C波段测站系统差标校精度的影响，单条基线对测距资料定轨预报的影响。
[Abstract]:GEO satellite coverage has been widely used in regional augmentation and regional navigation systems such as WAAS , IRNSS , QZSS , EGNOS , BDS , cap and so on . Precision orbit determination and prediction of GEO satellites play an important role in high - precision navigation and precision real - time positioning users . Therefore , research on the theory and method of GEO satellite precision orbit determination has a positive role in the construction of satellite navigation system and regional augmentation system .
It is difficult to separate GEO satellite from the ground , the geometrical relationship between stations is small , the clock difference and the deviation of station are difficult to separate .
The tracking station of the system is limited to the domestic , the surface observation geometry is not good , the orbit precision is not high ;
The frequent maneuvering control of GEO satellites brings great difficulty to the determination and prediction of precision orbit of GEO satellites .
The repeater - type satellite orbit determination method has the advantage of separating the satellite orbit and the star - ground clock difference , and is applied to the above - mentioned problem . Based on the C - band forward ranging method , the GPS and SLR measurement methods , the following aspects are discussed and studied in depth :
1 . GEO Satellite Orbit Prediction for Spontaneous Self - Collection and Differential Mode
Aiming at the problem of strong radial constraint ability and weak lateral restraint ability of spontaneous self - receiving data of forwarding mode , the differential mode of forwarding mode secondary station and secondary station is presented in this paper according to the principle , spontaneous self - receiving mode and multi - receiving mode of the forwarding mode , the observation equation and the measurement matrix of the model are deduced in detail , and the problem that no direct TWSTFT ratio on the link is not directly obtained between the secondary stations is overcome , and the clock difference between the secondary stations cannot be directly obtained .
By using the C - band spontaneous self - collecting ranging data of June 2005 , the differential data of the secondary station is combined with the fixed - orbit prediction test , and the C - band forward ranging data is subjected to a single - orbit prediction test , and the influence of the difference of the secondary station on the lateral accuracy of the track is analyzed , and the relationship between the prediction residual and the prediction track difference is analyzed .
2 . Self - collecting orbit accuracy evaluation based on international SLR data
Since the laser reflector is not installed on the leased GEO satellite after the completion of the system , the GEO satellite orbit based on the cap has never been evaluated using SLR data ;
In this paper , an outer ring time delay measurement method is presented in this paper , which is based on the data of SLR data . In this paper , an outer ring time delay measurement method is presented in this paper . The model of spontaneous self - receiving and ranging measurement is presented , and the accuracy evaluation of the GEO satellite orbit is carried out by using the international SLR data for the first time .
The influence of the station distribution on the orbit accuracy of GEO satellite is analyzed . The accuracy of the system difference calibration is verified . It is verified by the experiment that the residual error of the visual inspection of the domestic laser station is small , about 0.5m , while the visual inspection residual of the laser station in the southern hemisphere is larger , which is about 3.3m .
3 . Research on GEO Satellite Time - sharing Observation Model
Aiming at the problem of observing multiple GEO satellites within 1 day for the conventional continuous observation mode , the paper explores the time - sharing observation mode and strategy of a single antenna in the non - maneuvering period of GEO satellite .
Based on the continuous observation data of the forwarding mode in June 2005 , three kinds of time - sharing observation data are generated , and the time - sharing observation strategy of single antenna with the orbit accuracy better than 2m is given .
4 . Research on Cross - motor Orbit Determination and Prediction Method for GEO Satellite
In order to satisfy the need of the navigation user for fast track and post - maneuver orbit recovery during maneuvering , during the maneuver of satellite , by establishing an equivalent engine power model , the orbit continuity is ensured . Based on the observations of the C - band in different periods before the maneuver , the influence of the pre - maneuver data on the cross - maneuver orbit determination and prediction accuracy is analyzed , and the advantages and disadvantages of the post - maneuver short - arc fixed - orbit prediction and the cross - maneuver fixed - orbit prediction are analyzed .
5 . Joint Orbit Determination Based on GPS and C - band Forward Range Data
The short - arc data of GEO satellite is less , and the horizontal constraint ability of C - band spontaneous self - collecting data is weak . In this paper , the author makes an analysis and treatment on the fast recovery of orbit maneuver after the C - band . The paper makes a single orbit test of C - band forward ranging data , the time delay and the time delay rate constant - orbit test and the combined orbit determination test , and analyzes the influence of different baselines on the accuracy of the difference calibration accuracy of the C - band station system , and the influence of the single baseline on the fixed - orbit prediction of the ranging data .
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（国家授时中心）
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P228
[Abstract]:GEO satellite coverage has been widely used in regional augmentation and regional navigation systems such as WAAS , IRNSS , QZSS , EGNOS , BDS , cap and so on . Precision orbit determination and prediction of GEO satellites play an important role in high - precision navigation and precision real - time positioning users . Therefore , research on the theory and method of GEO satellite precision orbit determination has a positive role in the construction of satellite navigation system and regional augmentation system .
It is difficult to separate GEO satellite from the ground , the geometrical relationship between stations is small , the clock difference and the deviation of station are difficult to separate .
The tracking station of the system is limited to the domestic , the surface observation geometry is not good , the orbit precision is not high ;
The frequent maneuvering control of GEO satellites brings great difficulty to the determination and prediction of precision orbit of GEO satellites .
The repeater - type satellite orbit determination method has the advantage of separating the satellite orbit and the star - ground clock difference , and is applied to the above - mentioned problem . Based on the C - band forward ranging method , the GPS and SLR measurement methods , the following aspects are discussed and studied in depth :
1 . GEO Satellite Orbit Prediction for Spontaneous Self - Collection and Differential Mode
Aiming at the problem of strong radial constraint ability and weak lateral restraint ability of spontaneous self - receiving data of forwarding mode , the differential mode of forwarding mode secondary station and secondary station is presented in this paper according to the principle , spontaneous self - receiving mode and multi - receiving mode of the forwarding mode , the observation equation and the measurement matrix of the model are deduced in detail , and the problem that no direct TWSTFT ratio on the link is not directly obtained between the secondary stations is overcome , and the clock difference between the secondary stations cannot be directly obtained .
By using the C - band spontaneous self - collecting ranging data of June 2005 , the differential data of the secondary station is combined with the fixed - orbit prediction test , and the C - band forward ranging data is subjected to a single - orbit prediction test , and the influence of the difference of the secondary station on the lateral accuracy of the track is analyzed , and the relationship between the prediction residual and the prediction track difference is analyzed .
2 . Self - collecting orbit accuracy evaluation based on international SLR data
Since the laser reflector is not installed on the leased GEO satellite after the completion of the system , the GEO satellite orbit based on the cap has never been evaluated using SLR data ;
In this paper , an outer ring time delay measurement method is presented in this paper , which is based on the data of SLR data . In this paper , an outer ring time delay measurement method is presented in this paper . The model of spontaneous self - receiving and ranging measurement is presented , and the accuracy evaluation of the GEO satellite orbit is carried out by using the international SLR data for the first time .
The influence of the station distribution on the orbit accuracy of GEO satellite is analyzed . The accuracy of the system difference calibration is verified . It is verified by the experiment that the residual error of the visual inspection of the domestic laser station is small , about 0.5m , while the visual inspection residual of the laser station in the southern hemisphere is larger , which is about 3.3m .
3 . Research on GEO Satellite Time - sharing Observation Model
Aiming at the problem of observing multiple GEO satellites within 1 day for the conventional continuous observation mode , the paper explores the time - sharing observation mode and strategy of a single antenna in the non - maneuvering period of GEO satellite .
Based on the continuous observation data of the forwarding mode in June 2005 , three kinds of time - sharing observation data are generated , and the time - sharing observation strategy of single antenna with the orbit accuracy better than 2m is given .
4 . Research on Cross - motor Orbit Determination and Prediction Method for GEO Satellite
In order to satisfy the need of the navigation user for fast track and post - maneuver orbit recovery during maneuvering , during the maneuver of satellite , by establishing an equivalent engine power model , the orbit continuity is ensured . Based on the observations of the C - band in different periods before the maneuver , the influence of the pre - maneuver data on the cross - maneuver orbit determination and prediction accuracy is analyzed , and the advantages and disadvantages of the post - maneuver short - arc fixed - orbit prediction and the cross - maneuver fixed - orbit prediction are analyzed .
5 . Joint Orbit Determination Based on GPS and C - band Forward Range Data
The short - arc data of GEO satellite is less , and the horizontal constraint ability of C - band spontaneous self - collecting data is weak . In this paper , the author makes an analysis and treatment on the fast recovery of orbit maneuver after the C - band . The paper makes a single orbit test of C - band forward ranging data , the time delay and the time delay rate constant - orbit test and the combined orbit determination test , and analyzes the influence of different baselines on the accuracy of the difference calibration accuracy of the C - band station system , and the influence of the single baseline on the fixed - orbit prediction of the ranging data .
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（国家授时中心）
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P228
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