面向地理事件的地理本体构建研究
发布时间：2018-08-17 09:12
【摘要】：目前,地理信息科学正从传统的强调信息表达逐步发展到关注信息变化的过程,了解、展现、分析与地理事件相关的自然、社会对象在地理信息系统内的相互作用机制,有利于准确把握事件的状态和发展特征。特别是近10年来,地理空间数据在数量上有了持续和快速的增长,质量上也稳步提高,但由于不同政府部门对地理空间信息的应用不同,用户认知程度不一,以及所使用的数学基础、分类方法、概念模型等多样性,没有一套行之有效的标准,造成不同用户对地理空间信息的获取、理解和共享产生困难。例如,不同类型的信息缺乏融合和语义关联,异构的应用程序常引起语义冲突,难以围绕需求进行组织,无法从应用服务系统中直接获取相关的地理空间信息。用户要经常在多源、异构的应用服务系统中反复操作,导致获取信息的过程相对繁琐、复杂,检索效率低,检索精度和查全率很难得到保证,而且信息服务个性化支持能力较弱,共享程度不高,这些问题己对地理信息服务形成一个显著的挑战,而传统地理本体在解决这些问题时却力所不及,其所用的概念模型在语义表达方面能力有限。 针对传统地理本体在此方面研究的不足,本文引入地理事件这一术语,并与地理本体相结合,提出面向地理事件的地理本体概念。此处的地理事件是事件的一种子类,是在地理空间领域中发生的自然、社会、经济等各种现象的总称,是对地理对象发生、发展及其过程的表达。面向地理事件的地理本体是地理本体的一个子集,是把与地理事件相关的知识、信息和数据抽象成一个个具有共识的地理对象,并按照一定的逻辑关系组成体系,同时进行概念化处理和明确的定义,然后以形式化的方式进行表达,最终服务于地理信息检索、共享和其它服务。面向事件的地理本体以地理事件相关信息组织为核心,既可以有效地解决传统方式中处理地理事件空间位置时的不明确性,又可以实现地理事件相关信息的自动组织,以及针对不同用户的个性化服务。它可以对地理事件这一更复杂、更高层次的概念进行有效的语义描述和表达,为地理信息服务领域研究提供了一种新的契机和有效切入点。 研究面向地理事件的的地理本体构建技术和方法,不仅可以拓展传统地理本体理论和技术研究范畴,弥补后者在构建研究方面的不足,而且可以广泛应用于应急和突发事件管理、地理国情普查和监测、城镇发展和规划等领域的信息管理、检索和共享服务,在处理突发应急灾害事件、提高政府部门辅助决策、推动地理空间信息深层次、大众化应用方面具有重要理论与应用价值。以地震灾害应急服务为例,通过将面向地震灾害事件的地理本体理论、技术与政府地理信息系统等地理信息技术相结合,在对灾害对象分析的基础上,确定灾害领域的概念以及概念之间的关系,创建面向灾害事件的地理本体,通过形式化方式表达,以便计算机能够理解所描述的知识,并由已知知识和关系得出潜在的、隐含的知识,这对于构建防灾减灾、突发应急灾害事件处理等应用服务系统,提高政府部门辅助决策,有着重要的、积极的意义。 本文在研究过程中首先对现有地理本体的概念、构建理论、逻辑模型、构建方法等内容进行分析研究、总结、概括,并针对当前地理本体构建理论的不足,提出面向地理事件、以任务为纽带的地理本体构建方法,充分顾及和描述地理事件及其内部间的相互关系,尤其是地理空间关系。在研究过程中,本文以在政府领导部门日常运行的大型电子政务信息系统“空间信息系统”为试验平台,从其地理空间数据库中提取政务信息数据(包括地理空间数据、灾害专题数据),建立与地理本体数据的映射关系,以地震灾害事件为例,通过在文中所描述的地理本体构建理论和方法指导下,构建面向地震灾害事件的地理本体,建立省、市、县多级地理本体实例,实现地理空间、经济、社会等多源空间信息、专题信息的集成和表达,以期在现有本体理论和技术条件下有所突破,最终提高地理空间信息的组织方式和服务质量。最后,在应用服务系统环境中实现地理本体的应用,并对所建地理本体进行验证和完善。
[Abstract]:At present, geographic information science is gradually developing from the traditional emphasis on information expression to the process of attention to information change. Understanding, exhibition, analysis and interaction mechanism of natural and social objects in geographic information systems are conducive to accurately grasping the state and development characteristics of events. There has been a sustained and rapid growth in quantity and a steady improvement in quality. However, due to the different application of geospatial information by different government departments, different users'perceptions, as well as the diversity of mathematical basis, classification methods and conceptual models used, there is no set of effective standards, resulting in different users' geospatial information. Information acquisition, understanding and sharing are difficult. For example, different types of information lack fusion and semantic association, heterogeneous applications often cause semantic conflicts, difficult to organize around requirements, and unable to obtain relevant geospatial information directly from application service systems. Re-operation results in the relatively complicated process of obtaining information, the low efficiency of retrieval, the difficult guarantee of retrieval accuracy and recall rate, and the weak ability of personalized support and the low degree of sharing of information services. These problems have posed a significant challenge to geographic information services, but the traditional geographic ontology is able to solve these problems. The conceptual model used is limited in semantic expression.
In view of the insufficiency of traditional geographic ontology research in this respect, this paper introduces the term of geographic event, and combines it with geographic ontology to put forward the concept of geographic ontology oriented to geographic events. Geo-ontology is a subset of geo-ontology, which abstracts knowledge, information and data related to geo-events into common geo-objects, and composes a system according to certain logical relations, and conceptualizes and defines them clearly. Event-oriented geo-ontology takes the organization of geo-event-related information as its core, which can not only effectively solve the ambiguity of traditional methods in dealing with the spatial location of geo-events, but also realize the automation of geo-event-related information. It can effectively describe and express the more complex and higher-level concept of geographic events, and provide a new opportunity and an effective entry point for the research of geographic information services.
Research on geographic event-oriented geo-ontology construction technology and methods can not only expand the traditional geo-ontology theory and technology research areas, make up for the latter in the construction of research deficiencies, but also can be widely used in emergency and emergency management, geographical survey and monitoring of national conditions, urban development and planning and other fields of information management. It has important theory and application value in dealing with emergent disaster events, improving the assistant decision-making of government departments, promoting the deep-seated and popular application of geospatial information. Based on the analysis of disaster objects, the concept of disaster field and the relationship between concepts are determined, and the geographic ontology oriented to disaster events is created. By means of formal expression, the knowledge described can be understood by computers, and the latent and implicit knowledge can be obtained from the known knowledge and relationship. It is of great and positive significance to construct disaster prevention and mitigation, emergency disaster management and other application service systems, and to improve the assistant decision-making of government departments.
Firstly, this paper analyzes and studies the concepts, theories, logical models and methods of geo-ontology construction, summarizes and summarizes, and proposes a geo-ontology construction method based on geo-event and task, which takes full account of and describes geo-events and geo-ontology. In the course of the research, this paper takes the large-scale E-government information system "spatial information system" which runs daily in the leading departments of the government as the experimental platform to extract the government information data (including geospatial data, disaster thematic data) from its geospatial database, and establishes the model with The mapping relation of geo-ontology data is taken as an example. Under the guidance of the theory and method of geo-ontology construction described in this paper, the geo-ontology oriented to earthquake disaster events is constructed, and the multi-level geo-ontology examples of provinces, cities and counties are established. The integration and integration of geo-spatial, economic and social multi-source spatial information and thematic information are realized. Finally, the application of geo-ontology in the application service system environment is realized, and the geo-ontology is verified and perfected.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P208
，
本文编号：2187152
[Abstract]:At present, geographic information science is gradually developing from the traditional emphasis on information expression to the process of attention to information change. Understanding, exhibition, analysis and interaction mechanism of natural and social objects in geographic information systems are conducive to accurately grasping the state and development characteristics of events. There has been a sustained and rapid growth in quantity and a steady improvement in quality. However, due to the different application of geospatial information by different government departments, different users'perceptions, as well as the diversity of mathematical basis, classification methods and conceptual models used, there is no set of effective standards, resulting in different users' geospatial information. Information acquisition, understanding and sharing are difficult. For example, different types of information lack fusion and semantic association, heterogeneous applications often cause semantic conflicts, difficult to organize around requirements, and unable to obtain relevant geospatial information directly from application service systems. Re-operation results in the relatively complicated process of obtaining information, the low efficiency of retrieval, the difficult guarantee of retrieval accuracy and recall rate, and the weak ability of personalized support and the low degree of sharing of information services. These problems have posed a significant challenge to geographic information services, but the traditional geographic ontology is able to solve these problems. The conceptual model used is limited in semantic expression.
In view of the insufficiency of traditional geographic ontology research in this respect, this paper introduces the term of geographic event, and combines it with geographic ontology to put forward the concept of geographic ontology oriented to geographic events. Geo-ontology is a subset of geo-ontology, which abstracts knowledge, information and data related to geo-events into common geo-objects, and composes a system according to certain logical relations, and conceptualizes and defines them clearly. Event-oriented geo-ontology takes the organization of geo-event-related information as its core, which can not only effectively solve the ambiguity of traditional methods in dealing with the spatial location of geo-events, but also realize the automation of geo-event-related information. It can effectively describe and express the more complex and higher-level concept of geographic events, and provide a new opportunity and an effective entry point for the research of geographic information services.
Research on geographic event-oriented geo-ontology construction technology and methods can not only expand the traditional geo-ontology theory and technology research areas, make up for the latter in the construction of research deficiencies, but also can be widely used in emergency and emergency management, geographical survey and monitoring of national conditions, urban development and planning and other fields of information management. It has important theory and application value in dealing with emergent disaster events, improving the assistant decision-making of government departments, promoting the deep-seated and popular application of geospatial information. Based on the analysis of disaster objects, the concept of disaster field and the relationship between concepts are determined, and the geographic ontology oriented to disaster events is created. By means of formal expression, the knowledge described can be understood by computers, and the latent and implicit knowledge can be obtained from the known knowledge and relationship. It is of great and positive significance to construct disaster prevention and mitigation, emergency disaster management and other application service systems, and to improve the assistant decision-making of government departments.
Firstly, this paper analyzes and studies the concepts, theories, logical models and methods of geo-ontology construction, summarizes and summarizes, and proposes a geo-ontology construction method based on geo-event and task, which takes full account of and describes geo-events and geo-ontology. In the course of the research, this paper takes the large-scale E-government information system "spatial information system" which runs daily in the leading departments of the government as the experimental platform to extract the government information data (including geospatial data, disaster thematic data) from its geospatial database, and establishes the model with The mapping relation of geo-ontology data is taken as an example. Under the guidance of the theory and method of geo-ontology construction described in this paper, the geo-ontology oriented to earthquake disaster events is constructed, and the multi-level geo-ontology examples of provinces, cities and counties are established. The integration and integration of geo-spatial, economic and social multi-source spatial information and thematic information are realized. Finally, the application of geo-ontology in the application service system environment is realized, and the geo-ontology is verified and perfected.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P208
，
本文编号：2187152
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