哈尔滨市主城区不透水面格局变化特征分析

发布时间：2018-08-24 13:25

【摘要】：不透水面的信息是城市地理中非常重要的一个评价因子,在城市用地扩张,城市生态环境效应等方面都有着很重要的作用,而且还可以广泛的应用于居住人口评估,城市非点源污染负荷估算及预测,也可以在分析城市可持续发展与城市发展相结合的时候提供主要的数据支撑。哈尔滨市是黑龙江省的省会,是黑龙江省较为重要的工业中心、科研中心和商业贸易中心,本文的研究区为哈尔滨市中心城区下辖的六个完整的行政辖区,分别是道里区、道外区、南岗区、香坊区、平房区、松北区。随着社会的发展和经济水平的日益提升,城市的扩张速度越来越快,这一变化也明显的反映在不透水面的信息上。利用线性光谱混合分解模型结合WuMurry的四端元模型对该区域的不透水面信息进行提取,时间尺度为1995年到2010年间的1995年、2000年、2005年和2010年四期影像数据,利用提取结果对不透水面的格局变化特征和城市扩张及驱动力特征进行分析,以便于在哈尔滨市城镇化进程中对哈尔滨市城市用地的动态变化进行监测,也为宏观调控和相关政策法规的制定提供相应的数据支撑。本文利用线性光谱混合分解模型结合WuMurry的四端元模型,利用1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年的Landsat TM影像数据对哈尔滨市六个区的不透水面信息进行提取。经过验证,RMSE为0.2638,MAE为0.2079。由此可知利用线性光谱混合分解模型结合WuMurry的四端元模型能够较好的对研究区域的不透水面信息进行提取。利用提取结果分析哈尔滨市中心城区下的六个行政辖区(道里区、道外区、南岗区、香坊区、平房区、松北区)的不透水面变化情况,经过分析可知哈尔滨市的不透水面面积从1995年的93.68km2增加到了2010年的201.35km2,整体来看增长幅度较大,但分开来看1995年的面积为93.68 km2,而2005年的面积为134.04km2。变化幅度较小,因此说明不透水面分布的主要变化集中在2005年以后。对研究区内的城市扩张类型进行研究得出,本研究区的城市扩张方式主要为“摊大饼”和“卫星城”两种发展模式,1995-2005年的扩张速度属于中速扩张型,2005-2010年的扩张速度为高速扩张型,说明哈尔滨进入了高速发展的时期;另一方面利用拟合度分析和相关性分析对研究区的城市扩张驱动力因素进行研究可知,哈尔滨市的城市扩张主要的驱动力因素为经济因素和社会因素,其中经济因素为主要驱动力,社会因素为次要驱动力,人口因素为间接驱动力。
[Abstract]:The information of impermeable surface is a very important evaluation factor in urban geography. It plays an important role in urban land expansion, urban ecological environment effect and so on, and can also be widely used in residential population assessment. The estimation and prediction of urban non-point source pollution load can also provide the main data support when analyzing the combination of urban sustainable development and urban development. Harbin is the provincial capital of Heilongjiang Province, and is an important industrial center, scientific research center and commercial and trade center in Heilongjiang Province. The research area of this paper is six complete administrative districts under the jurisdiction of the central city of Harbin, which are respectively Dori District. Daowai District, Nangang District, Xiangfang District, Cottage District, Songbei District. With the development of society and the improvement of economic level, the speed of urban expansion is getting faster and faster, and this change is obviously reflected in the opaque information. The information of impermeable surface in the region is extracted by using the linear spectral mixed decomposition model and WuMurry's four-terminal element model. The time scales are 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010, and the time scales are 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010. In order to monitor the dynamic changes of urban land use in Harbin city, the characteristics of pattern change and urban expansion and driving force of impermeable water surface are analyzed by using the results of extraction, so as to monitor the dynamic changes of urban land use in Harbin. Also for macro-control and related policies and regulations to provide the corresponding data support. In this paper, the information of impermeable surface in six districts of Harbin is extracted from Landsat TM image data of 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 by using the linear spectral mixed decomposition model combined with WuMurry's four-terminal element model. The results showed that the RMSE was 0.2638 and MAE was 0.2079. It can be concluded that the combination of linear spectral mixed decomposition model and WuMurry's four-terminal model can extract the information of impermeable surface in the study area. Using the extraction results to analyze the changes of impermeable surface in six administrative districts (Dori District, Daowai District, Nangang District, Xiangfang District, Cottage District, Songbei District) under the central urban area of Harbin. According to the analysis, the impervious surface area of Harbin has increased from 1995 93.68km2 to 201.35km2 in 2010. The overall increase range is larger, but the area in 1995 is 93.68 km2, and the area in 2005 is 134.04 km2. The change range is small, so the main change of impermeable surface distribution is after 2005. By studying the types of urban expansion in the study area, The urban expansion mode of this research area is mainly "spread the big cake" and "the satellite city" two kinds of development pattern. The expansion speed of 1995-2005 belongs to the medium speed expansion type 2005-2010 expansion speed is the high speed expansion type, which indicates that Harbin has entered the period of high speed development; On the other hand, by using fitting degree analysis and correlation analysis, we can know that the main driving factors of Harbin urban expansion are economic factors and social factors. The economic factor is the main driving force, the social factor is the secondary driving force, and the population factor is the indirect driving force.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984;P237

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