矢量时空数据几何变化检测方法研究
发布时间：2018-08-28 15:29
【摘要】：在经济、社会快速发展的大背景下，人们对空间信息的需求不断增加，空间信息时效性作用日益突出。时态GIS的发展进一步拓宽了空间信息应用的范围，在时空范围内研究空间信息的变化成为GIS发展的新内容。对时空变化信息的研究，是空间分析在时间轴上拓展以进行时空分析的需要。自动检测出不同时期数据库之间的差异，将发生变化的地理信息数据插入己有数据库中，实现空间信息增量式更新是时空变化检测的重要应用方面。对时空数据变化检测的研究，，本文从矢量时空数据方面简要地讨论了进行变化检测的基本理论和方法，主要内容如下： （1）从时空变化的连续性和变化内容两个方面，总结了时空变化的20种基本类型。从时空数据的空间特征、时间特征、属性特征三个方面的讨论了时空变化分析需要解决的9类基本问题。分层次定义了单实体时空变化类型，在单实体变化结果的基础上，采用集合论思想定义了多实体时空变化类型。 （2）以同名实体匹配技术为基础，从实体空间特征的四个方面——距离（位置）、形状、尺寸、方向——讨论了对空间点、线、面要素进行几何特征相似度计算的方法，分析、比较了各方法的特点及适用范围。针对线要素相似度计算提出了改进的结点距离相似度算法。 （3）从线要素的整体和细节两方面进行了相似度差异的比较，该方法比单一使用其中一种的相似度计算结果有更高的准确度。由于面要素空间复杂性较高，对于面要素的变化检测，通过计算多特征相似度来比较不同时态要素之间的各种差异，并对各相似度加权平均来计算总相似度值。这种方法计算总相似度具有一定的灵活性，并且可依据空间数据的尺度和精度选择不同的相似度计算方法。 （4）对多要素之间的的复杂变化检测，将1:1变化检测结果进行综合，通过查找变化关系中的重复要素来组合新的复杂变化关系。 （5）基于COM组件设计思想，设计实现了矢量时空数据几何变化检测系统原型。阐述了针对点、线、面矢量时空数据进行几何变化检测的算法流程。以不同时态（1980年和1990年）的道路和居民地要素为实验数据进行了几何变化检测试验，结果表明，该几何变化检测模型的具有一定的可行性与合理性，可以为时空数据库的更新及变化检测分析提供支撑。
[Abstract]:Under the background of rapid economic and social development, the demand for spatial information is increasing, and the timeliness of spatial information is becoming more and more important. The development of temporal GIS further widens the scope of spatial information application, and it becomes a new content of GIS to study the change of spatial information in time and space. The research of spatiotemporal variation information is the need of spatial analysis expanding on the time axis for spatiotemporal analysis. Automatically detecting the differences between databases in different periods, inserting the changed geographic information data into the existing databases, and realizing incremental updating of spatial information is an important aspect of space-time change detection. In this paper, the basic theories and methods of change detection are briefly discussed in terms of vector spatio-temporal data. The main contents are as follows: (1) from the continuity and change content of spatio-temporal change, Twenty basic types of temporal and spatial variations are summarized. From three aspects of spatial feature, time feature and attribute feature of spatio-temporal data, 9 kinds of basic problems need to be solved in spatio-temporal change analysis are discussed. On the basis of the result of the change of single entity, this paper defines the type of spatio-temporal change of multi-entity by means of set theory. (2) based on the matching technology of entity with the same name, This paper discusses the methods of calculating the similarity of geometric features of spatial points, lines and surfaces from four aspects of physical spatial features: distance (position), shape, dimension and direction. The characteristics and application range of these methods are compared. An improved algorithm of node distance similarity is proposed for line element similarity calculation. (3) the similarity differences are compared in terms of the whole and the details of line elements. This method has a higher accuracy than using one of them alone. Because of the high spatial complexity of surface elements, for the change detection of surface elements, the differences between different temporal elements are compared by calculating multi-feature similarity, and the total similarity value is calculated by weighted average of each similarity. This method has some flexibility to calculate the total similarity, and it can select different similarity calculation methods according to the scale and precision of spatial data. (4) detecting the complex change between multiple elements. The 1:1 change detection results are synthesized and the new complex change relations are combined by searching the repeated elements in the change relationship. (5) based on the COM component design idea, the prototype of the geometric change detection system for vector space-time data is designed and implemented. The algorithm flow of geometric change detection for point, line and plane vector spatiotemporal data is described. Based on the experimental data of different temporal (1980 and 1990) roads and inhabitants, the results show that the geometric change detection model is feasible and reasonable. It can provide support for update and change detection analysis of time-space database.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208
本文编号：2209823
[Abstract]:Under the background of rapid economic and social development, the demand for spatial information is increasing, and the timeliness of spatial information is becoming more and more important. The development of temporal GIS further widens the scope of spatial information application, and it becomes a new content of GIS to study the change of spatial information in time and space. The research of spatiotemporal variation information is the need of spatial analysis expanding on the time axis for spatiotemporal analysis. Automatically detecting the differences between databases in different periods, inserting the changed geographic information data into the existing databases, and realizing incremental updating of spatial information is an important aspect of space-time change detection. In this paper, the basic theories and methods of change detection are briefly discussed in terms of vector spatio-temporal data. The main contents are as follows: (1) from the continuity and change content of spatio-temporal change, Twenty basic types of temporal and spatial variations are summarized. From three aspects of spatial feature, time feature and attribute feature of spatio-temporal data, 9 kinds of basic problems need to be solved in spatio-temporal change analysis are discussed. On the basis of the result of the change of single entity, this paper defines the type of spatio-temporal change of multi-entity by means of set theory. (2) based on the matching technology of entity with the same name, This paper discusses the methods of calculating the similarity of geometric features of spatial points, lines and surfaces from four aspects of physical spatial features: distance (position), shape, dimension and direction. The characteristics and application range of these methods are compared. An improved algorithm of node distance similarity is proposed for line element similarity calculation. (3) the similarity differences are compared in terms of the whole and the details of line elements. This method has a higher accuracy than using one of them alone. Because of the high spatial complexity of surface elements, for the change detection of surface elements, the differences between different temporal elements are compared by calculating multi-feature similarity, and the total similarity value is calculated by weighted average of each similarity. This method has some flexibility to calculate the total similarity, and it can select different similarity calculation methods according to the scale and precision of spatial data. (4) detecting the complex change between multiple elements. The 1:1 change detection results are synthesized and the new complex change relations are combined by searching the repeated elements in the change relationship. (5) based on the COM component design idea, the prototype of the geometric change detection system for vector space-time data is designed and implemented. The algorithm flow of geometric change detection for point, line and plane vector spatiotemporal data is described. Based on the experimental data of different temporal (1980 and 1990) roads and inhabitants, the results show that the geometric change detection model is feasible and reasonable. It can provide support for update and change detection analysis of time-space database.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208
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