矿区地面沉降的InSAR监测及参数反演
发布时间：2018-08-31 08:54
【摘要】：由于自然条件的原因,煤矿开采多数是地下开采,过度的开采容易破坏当地环境甚至引发多种灾害,如地表塌陷、地表水倒灌等,给国家和当地人民带来巨大损失。然而,目前我国仅靠简单的人工测量手段监测矿区形变,地表植被和水系发育、山势陡峭等地带的地表沉降现象却无法得到有效监测,缺乏开采过程中的形变趋势及灾害预测信息。如何实时、高效监测煤矿开采过程中地表形变变化是防控煤矿灾害的一项关键内容,也是本论文的主要研究目标。 论文重点围绕InSAR(合成孔径雷达干涉测量)技术结合位错模型对煤矿矿区进行监测的方法展开研究。针对InSAR技术大尺度形变监测,采用SBAS方法(短基线集)对满足一定时空基线的干涉对进行处理,有效地减弱时空基线引起的失相干问题,在提高D-InSAR结果精度的同时提高形变的时空分辨率；针对大地形变场研究的热门方法-位错模型,研究基于垂直方向的简化后位移位错模型,并结合InSAR结果利用大地测量反演方法反演煤矿塌陷机理。 论文主要研究工作如下： 1)采用SBAS(小基线集)技术获取丰城某煤矿时间序列沉降图 选择江西丰城市某煤矿矿区作为实验区,利用D-InSAR技术对获取的日本ALOS PALSAR数据进行差分干涉测量,采用最优化融合和线性方向窗口的方法生成干涉图,提取矿区2007-2008年矿区形变场。获取煤矿2007-2008年间的7景PALSAR影像,采用SBAS技术对数据进行处理,采用最小二乘法估计出高相干点时间序列上的沉降速率和累积沉降量,得到各影像不同时刻的时间序列沉降图,并利用研究区域已有的监测结果(水准数据)对本文获取的沉降速率和累积沉降量进行验证。 2)基于InSAR监测技术的矿区地表形变时空演化规律分析 结合常规水准监测数据和InSAR结果,对煤矿工作面开采导致的地表形变时间演化规律进行分析,通过形变时间曲线预报了地表形变所处的演化阶段,结合煤矿采工图及收集到的地表宏观形变信息数据,分析煤矿地表形变空间演化规律,判断矿区工作面地表形变所处的时空演化阶段。 3)研究基于煤矿塌陷机理的简化矩形位错理论模型 以Okada矩形位错理论模型为基础,根据煤矿塌陷的特点和煤矿开挖的实际情况来建立合理的地球物理反演模型—简化矩形位错模型,利用简化矩形位错模型对矿区塌陷进行位错位错张裂分量的反演,然后将反演的位错张裂分量模拟计算矿区地表沉降量。 4)采用大地测量反演方法对矿区塌陷进行位错位错张裂分量的反演 基于简化矩形位错模型,结合水准数据,将最小二乘线性反演算法与蒙特卡罗非线性反演算法分别对丰城某煤矿进行位错位错张裂分量的反演,得到矿区开采过程中的塌陷趋势量。 5) InSAR监测数据结合简化位错模型煤矿塌陷的参数反演 利用SBAS技术获取的矿区沉降漏斗B、D区域的大概1年内累积沉降量,结合简化矩形位错模型,采用最小二乘线性反演算法与蒙特卡罗非线性反演算法分别对矿区的位错位错张裂分量进行反演,并将反演的位错张裂分量来模拟计算矿区地表沉降量,然后将SBAS监测数据反演与水准监测数据反演进行对比分析,并基于参数反演对煤矿开采进度进行了分析；实验结果表明：利用简化位错模型结合SBAS监测技术反演煤矿地表形变是可行的。
[Abstract]:Because of the natural conditions, most of the coal mining is underground mining. Excessive mining can easily destroy the local environment and even cause a variety of disasters, such as surface subsidence, surface water recharge and so on, which bring huge losses to the country and the local people. However, at present, China only rely on simple manual measurement to monitor the deformation of mining areas, surface vegetation and water system development. However, the surface subsidence phenomena in steep and steep mountain areas can not be effectively monitored, and the deformation trend and disaster prediction information in mining process are scarce.
This paper focuses on the method of monitoring coal mine area with InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) technology and dislocation model. For large-scale deformation monitoring of InSAR technology, SBAS (Short Baseline Set) method is used to deal with the interference pairs satisfying a certain space-time baseline, which can effectively reduce the incoherence caused by space-time baseline. In order to improve the accuracy of D-InSAR results and improve the spatial and temporal resolution of deformation, a simplified post-displacement dislocation model based on vertical direction is studied for the dislocation model, which is a popular method in the study of geodetic deformation field.
The main research work is as follows:
1) using SBAS (small baseline) technology to obtain a time series settlement map of a coal mine in Fengcheng.
A mining area in Fengcheng City, Jiangxi Province, was selected as the experimental area. The differential interferometry was carried out on the acquired Japanese ALOS PALSAR data by using D-InSAR technology. The interferogram was generated by using the method of optimal fusion and linear direction window. The deformation field of the mining area in 2007-2008 was extracted. The data are processed and the settlement rate and cumulative settlement are estimated by the least square method. The time series settlement maps of each image at different times are obtained. The settlement rate and cumulative settlement are validated by the existing monitoring results (leveling data) in the study area.
2) analysis of temporal and spatial evolution of surface deformation in mining area based on InSAR monitoring technology
Combined with the conventional leveling monitoring data and the results of InSAR, the time evolution law of surface deformation caused by coal mining is analyzed. The evolution stage of surface deformation is predicted by the deformation time curve, and the spatial evolution law of surface deformation is analyzed by combining the coal mining map and the macroscopic deformation data collected. The time and space evolution stage of the surface deformation of mining area is judged.
3) study the simplified rectangular dislocation theoretical model based on the mechanism of coal mine collapse.
Based on Okada rectangular dislocation theory model, a reasonable geophysical inversion model, simplified rectangular dislocation model, is established according to the characteristics of coal mine collapse and the actual situation of coal mine excavation. The simplified rectangular dislocation model is used to invert the dislocation dislocation component of mining area collapse, and then the inversion dislocation component is simulated. Calculate the surface subsidence of mining area.
4) using geodetic inversion method to retrieve the dislocation components in mining subsidence.
Based on the simplified rectangular dislocation model and the leveling data, the least square linear inversion algorithm and the Monte Carlo nonlinear inversion algorithm are used to invert the dislocation tension component of a coal mine in Fengcheng, and the collapse trend in the mining process is obtained.
5) InSAR monitoring data combined with simplified dislocation model for inversion of coal mine subsidence parameters.
The cumulative subsidence of the subsidence funnel B and D in about one year was obtained by SBAS technique. Combined with the simplified rectangular dislocation model, the least square linear inversion algorithm and the Monte Carlo nonlinear inversion algorithm were used to invert the dislocation and dislocation components of the mining area respectively, and the inverted dislocation and dislocation components were simulated to calculate the mining area. Then the SBAS monitoring data inversion and the leveling monitoring data inversion are compared and analyzed, and the coal mining progress is analyzed based on the parameter inversion. The experimental results show that the simplified dislocation model combined with SBAS monitoring technology is feasible to invert the coal mine surface deformation.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P225;TD325.4
[Abstract]:Because of the natural conditions, most of the coal mining is underground mining. Excessive mining can easily destroy the local environment and even cause a variety of disasters, such as surface subsidence, surface water recharge and so on, which bring huge losses to the country and the local people. However, at present, China only rely on simple manual measurement to monitor the deformation of mining areas, surface vegetation and water system development. However, the surface subsidence phenomena in steep and steep mountain areas can not be effectively monitored, and the deformation trend and disaster prediction information in mining process are scarce.
This paper focuses on the method of monitoring coal mine area with InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) technology and dislocation model. For large-scale deformation monitoring of InSAR technology, SBAS (Short Baseline Set) method is used to deal with the interference pairs satisfying a certain space-time baseline, which can effectively reduce the incoherence caused by space-time baseline. In order to improve the accuracy of D-InSAR results and improve the spatial and temporal resolution of deformation, a simplified post-displacement dislocation model based on vertical direction is studied for the dislocation model, which is a popular method in the study of geodetic deformation field.
The main research work is as follows:
1) using SBAS (small baseline) technology to obtain a time series settlement map of a coal mine in Fengcheng.
A mining area in Fengcheng City, Jiangxi Province, was selected as the experimental area. The differential interferometry was carried out on the acquired Japanese ALOS PALSAR data by using D-InSAR technology. The interferogram was generated by using the method of optimal fusion and linear direction window. The deformation field of the mining area in 2007-2008 was extracted. The data are processed and the settlement rate and cumulative settlement are estimated by the least square method. The time series settlement maps of each image at different times are obtained. The settlement rate and cumulative settlement are validated by the existing monitoring results (leveling data) in the study area.
2) analysis of temporal and spatial evolution of surface deformation in mining area based on InSAR monitoring technology
Combined with the conventional leveling monitoring data and the results of InSAR, the time evolution law of surface deformation caused by coal mining is analyzed. The evolution stage of surface deformation is predicted by the deformation time curve, and the spatial evolution law of surface deformation is analyzed by combining the coal mining map and the macroscopic deformation data collected. The time and space evolution stage of the surface deformation of mining area is judged.
3) study the simplified rectangular dislocation theoretical model based on the mechanism of coal mine collapse.
Based on Okada rectangular dislocation theory model, a reasonable geophysical inversion model, simplified rectangular dislocation model, is established according to the characteristics of coal mine collapse and the actual situation of coal mine excavation. The simplified rectangular dislocation model is used to invert the dislocation dislocation component of mining area collapse, and then the inversion dislocation component is simulated. Calculate the surface subsidence of mining area.
4) using geodetic inversion method to retrieve the dislocation components in mining subsidence.
Based on the simplified rectangular dislocation model and the leveling data, the least square linear inversion algorithm and the Monte Carlo nonlinear inversion algorithm are used to invert the dislocation tension component of a coal mine in Fengcheng, and the collapse trend in the mining process is obtained.
5) InSAR monitoring data combined with simplified dislocation model for inversion of coal mine subsidence parameters.
The cumulative subsidence of the subsidence funnel B and D in about one year was obtained by SBAS technique. Combined with the simplified rectangular dislocation model, the least square linear inversion algorithm and the Monte Carlo nonlinear inversion algorithm were used to invert the dislocation and dislocation components of the mining area respectively, and the inverted dislocation and dislocation components were simulated to calculate the mining area. Then the SBAS monitoring data inversion and the leveling monitoring data inversion are compared and analyzed, and the coal mining progress is analyzed based on the parameter inversion. The experimental results show that the simplified dislocation model combined with SBAS monitoring technology is feasible to invert the coal mine surface deformation.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P225;TD325.4
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