基于遥感的南充市城市扩展及驱动力分析

发布时间：2018-09-03 16:56

【摘要】：城市是人类文明的主要构成部分,是人类生存的重要场所之一,伴随人类的进步发展起来的,还是地面各类生产资料、信息、能量等彼此传递互换的场地。城市化即人口大量地向城市进军,城市人口迅速地增加,现有的城市空间不能满足大量人口的需要,城市范围逐渐向外扩大的过程。随着经济全球化的不断加速,全球城市化与城市体系正发生着重要转型与重构,发达国家城市化基本进入了成熟阶段,城市化研究热点转移到了发展中国家,尤其是中国独特的城市化道路引起广泛关注。中国经济高速增长及经济全球化等因素使城市的生活便捷、交通更加快捷、教育更加发达、基础设施不断齐备,为了追求更优质的生活质量大量的农村人口进入城市,狭小的城市空间不足以满足大量人口的需求,城市必须扩大现有的面积来满足这些需求。在给人类带来优质生活的同时城市的建设发展、生态环境受到了严重的影响,一系列的城市问题由此爆发。因此合理的进行城市扩展是当前研究的热门之一。然而采用传统的城市用地规模统计来监测城市扩展变化已不能满足当前的需要,因此通过科技手段来监测城市发展已是当务之急。目前,地理信息系统和遥感技术的飞速发展,利用航天遥感影像解译来研究城市发展可快速掌握城市建设用地的利用情况,为掌握和控制城市建设用地的规模工作提供实时的辅助决策信息。本文以四川省南充市为研究对象,先收集国内外的研究成果,对城市扩展及其驱动力机制进行分析研究,采用2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年4期的卫星影像数据为主要数据源,在南充市政府统计年鉴和ARCGIS、ENVI等软件的支撑下,分析了南充市建城区城市扩展的动态变化和引起该变化的动因。本文主要对以下内容进行了研究:(1)城市用地扩展信息提取。运用几何校正、图像裁剪、影像增强对研究区的四期卫星遥感影进行图像预处理,再使用基于最大似然法的监督分类和非监督分类法获取城市扩展信息,并进行对比分析。(2)研究城市扩展的时空变化。分析南充市建成区扩展的面积变化、形态和空间变化等方面来研究城市扩展的速度、方向、紧凑度等指标。(3)城市扩展的动力机制研究。从自然地理条件、经济、交通、人口、城市规划等方面研究南充市城市扩展驱动力。通过研究得出以下结论:(1)将选用的基于最大似然法的监督分类和非监督分类这两种方法对南充市建成区扩展信息进行提取,经过比较分析显示监督分类对提取建成区边界效果更好。(2)从2000年到2015年,南充市建成区的面积不断扩大,重心位置发生偏移,先是从南向北移动,再从北向南移动。(3)由建成区扩展的速度与强度可知,南充市建成区的扩展速度和强度由强变慢,说明南充市城市扩展逐渐趋于稳定。(4)城市扩展的驱动力因素侧重有自然地理因素、经济的发展速率、人口规模、公共基础设施的完备程度、城市总体规划等5个因素。
[Abstract]:Cities are the main components of human civilization and one of the important places for human survival. Along with the progress of human beings, cities are also the places where all kinds of means of production, information and energy on the ground can be transferred and exchanged. With the acceleration of economic globalization, the global urbanization and urban system are undergoing an important transformation and reconstruction. The urbanization of developed countries has basically entered a mature stage, and the focus of urbanization research has shifted to developing countries, especially China's unique urbanization path. China's rapid economic growth and economic globalization have made life more convenient, transportation faster, education more developed, and infrastructure more complete. In order to pursue a better quality of life, a large number of rural people enter the city, and the narrow urban space is not enough to meet the needs of a large number of people, the city must Expanding the existing area to meet these needs. While bringing good quality of life to mankind, urban construction and development, the ecological environment has been seriously affected, and a series of urban problems have erupted. Urban expansion and change can not meet the current needs, so it is urgent to monitor urban development through scientific and technological means. At present, the rapid development of geographic information system and remote sensing technology, the use of space remote sensing image interpretation to study urban development can quickly grasp the use of urban construction land, in order to grasp and control the use of urban construction. This paper takes Nanchong City of Sichuan Province as the research object, first collects the research results at home and abroad, then analyzes and studies the urban expansion and its driving force mechanism, using the satellite image data of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 as the main data source, and in Nanchong Municipal Government Statistical Yearbook. With the support of ARCGIS, ENVI and other softwares, this paper analyzes the dynamic changes of the urban expansion in Jiancheng District of Nanchong City and the causes of the changes. Then the supervised classification and unsupervised classification based on maximum likelihood method are used to obtain the information of urban expansion and make a comparative analysis. (2) The spatial and temporal changes of urban expansion are studied. This paper studies the driving forces of urban expansion in Nanchong from the aspects of natural geographical conditions, economy, transportation, population, urban planning and so on. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Supervised classification and unsupervised classification based on maximum likelihood method are selected to extract the expansion information of Nanchong built-up area, and the results are compared. From 2000 to 2015, the area of the built-up area of Nanchong city expanded continuously, the position of the center of gravity shifted from south to north, and then moved from north to south. (3) From the speed and intensity of the expansion of the built-up area, we can see that the expansion speed and intensity of the built-up area of Nanchong city changed from strong to slow. The urban expansion of Nanchong City in Ming Dynasty tends to be stable gradually. (4) The driving forces of urban expansion include five factors: natural geographical factors, economic development rate, population size, the completeness of public infrastructure, urban master plan and so on.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F299.27;P237

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