基于RS和GIS的射洪县主要土地覆盖时空变化分析

发布时间：2018-09-11 16:32

【摘要】：土地资源作为极其重要的生产资源，是人类赖以生存和发展的基础，也是人类社会不可替代的财富。近年来，随着人口增加、环境污染、气候变化等一系列问题的日趋加重，全球土地资源发生着剧烈变化，并严重制约人类社会的生存和可持续发展。因此，及时、准确地了解土地覆盖及变化信息，对于推进土地资源的可持续发展有着十分重要的意义。本文以Landsat TM/ETM+影像和HJ-CCD影像作为数据源，应用遥感和地理信息系统的技术手段和研究方法，探讨水体、植被等覆盖信息的提取方法，并结合气象数据，刻画水体、植被覆盖的时空变化特征。本研究首先对主要土地覆盖类型进行采样，分析了各主要土地覆盖类型的光谱特点，由此构建了水体、植被信息的提取模型，并对提取结果进行精度评价；然后对射洪县水体和植被信息的年内、年际变化进行研究；在对射洪县植被覆盖的年内及年际变化的研究中，深入分析了射洪县各乡镇的植被覆盖情况。通过研究得到以下主要结论： (1)构建了射洪县水体和植被信息提取模型，并提取了多序列的水体和植被数据，从而刻画射洪县年内(2009年、2010年)及年际同月份间(5月、8月和10月)水体和植被的空间分布特征。 (2)对射洪县2009年、2010年的水体和植被覆盖信息的年内时空变化情况进行了分析。研究显示，2009年6月水体和植被覆盖面积最大，2009年2月水体和植被覆盖面积最小；2009年2月-6月间水体和植被覆盖面积变化最大，增加的水体和植被覆盖面积分别约占县域面积的2.29%和26.45%。2010年9月水体和植被覆盖面积最大，2010年3月水体和植被覆盖面积最小；2010年3月-9月间水体和植被覆盖面积变化最大，增加的水体和植被覆盖面积分别约占县域面积的2.03%和30.79%。 (3)对射洪县5月、8月和10月的水体和植被覆盖信息的年际变化特征进行了分析。研究表明，2010年5月水体覆盖面积最大，2007年5月水体覆盖面积最小，2007年5月-2010年5月水体覆盖面积变化最大，增加的水体覆盖面积分别约占县域面积的1.04%；2000年5月植被覆盖面积最大，2010年5月植被覆盖面积最小，2000年5月-2010年5月植被覆盖面积减少了345.83km2，约占县域面积的-23%。2012年8月水体和植被覆盖面积较大，，1992年8月水体和植被覆盖面积较小，1992年8月-2012年8月水体和植被覆盖面积变化最大，增加的水体和植被覆盖面积分别约占县域面积的0.58%和4.74%；2002年10月水体和植被覆盖面积较小，2009年10月水体和植被覆盖面积较大，2002年10月-2009年10月水体和植被覆盖面积变化最大，增加的水体和植被覆盖面积分别约占县域面积的0.17%和4.59%。
[Abstract]:As an extremely important productive resource, land resource is the foundation of human survival and development, and also the irreplaceable wealth of human society. In recent years, with the increasing population, environmental pollution, climate change and a series of problems, the global land resources have undergone drastic changes, and seriously restricted the survival and sustainable development of human society. Therefore, timely and accurate understanding of land cover and change information is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of land resources. In this paper, Landsat TM/ETM image and HJ-CCD image are used as data sources, and the technical means and research methods of remote sensing and GIS are used to study the extraction method of water body, vegetation and other covering information, and to depict water body by combining meteorological data. Temporal and spatial characteristics of vegetation cover. Firstly, the main land cover types are sampled, and the spectral characteristics of the main land cover types are analyzed. The extraction model of water body and vegetation information is constructed, and the accuracy of the extraction results is evaluated. Then, the interannual variation of water body and vegetation information in Shehong County is studied, and the vegetation coverage of each township in Shehong County is deeply analyzed in the study of the annual and interannual variation of vegetation cover in Shehong County. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the model of extracting water and vegetation information in Shehong County is constructed, and the multi-sequence data of water body and vegetation are extracted. Thus, the spatial distribution characteristics of water body and vegetation in Shehong County in 2009 and 2010 and in the same month (May, August and October) are described. (2) the temporal and spatial distribution of water body and vegetation cover information in 2009 and 2010 in Shehong County. The changes were analyzed. The results showed that the water body and vegetation cover area was the largest in June 2009 and the smallest in February 2009, and the water body and vegetation cover area changed the most between February and June 2009. The increased water body and vegetation cover area accounted for 2.29% and 26.45% of the county area respectively in September 2010, and the water body and vegetation cover area in March 2010 were the smallest, and the water body and vegetation cover area changed the most between March and September 2010. The increased water and vegetation cover area accounted for 2.03% and 30.79% of the county area respectively. (3) the interannual variation characteristics of water body and vegetation cover information in May, August and October in Shehong County were analyzed. The results showed that the water cover area was the largest in May 2010, the smallest in May 2007, and the largest in May 2007-May 2010. The increase of water cover area accounted for 1.044% of the county area respectively. The vegetation cover area was the largest in May 2000 and the smallest in May 2010. The vegetation cover area decreased by 345.83 km2 from May 2000 to May 2010, accounting for about -23.2.The water body and vegetation cover area in August 2012 was larger than that in August 1992. And vegetation cover area was smaller, the water body and vegetation cover area changed the most from August 1992 to August 2012, The increase of water body and vegetation cover area accounted for 0.58% and 4.74% of the county area respectively in October 2002, the water body and vegetation cover area was smaller in October 2002, the water body and vegetation cover area was larger in October 2009, and the water body and vegetation cover area changed the most from October 2002 to October 2009. The increased water body and vegetation cover area accounted for 0.17% and 4.59% of the county area, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P237

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