综合EGM2008、剩余地势模型及地面重力数据的大地水准面精化
发布时间：2018-09-12 08:56
【摘要】：GPS测量具有较高的效率,能够在地面观测不通视的情况下测得WGS84坐标基准下的经纬度以及大地高,并且不依赖于气候条件。GPS测量结合(似)大地水准面模型可以获得测量点的正(常)高,利用GPS测量大地高并将其转为高程的精度由两个因素决定:第一是根据GPS测量获得的大地高的精度,第二是由大地水准面模型导出的大地水准面差距(高程异常)精度。随着GPS测量技术的发展以及测量方式的改进,通过使用GPS接收机联测IGS跟踪站或者使用CORS系统等方式均能快速获得高精度的大地高,因而如何获取高精度的大地水准面模型成为GPS高程测量中需要解决的关键问题。本文根据EGM2008全球重力场模型的原理、特点及其计算方式,介绍了恢复重力场模型高频信号的剩余地势模型法、模型的基准面不一致改正方法,以及确定大地水准面差距的Stokes理论和实测重力数据的处理方法,并根据“移去-恢复”法计算了大地水准面差距。以兴城娘娘庙地区以及吉林省地区为例,首先根据实测的GPS数据计算出了基准面不一致参数,对水准面模型进行改正;之后基于剩余地势模型恢复了EGM2008全球大地水准面模型的高频信号;基于实测重力数据和“移去-恢复”法建立了重力大地水准面模型;并根据实测GPS/水准数据,对两种计算方法进行精度评估,提出了综合剩余地势模型与地面测得的重力数据精化大地水准面的计算方法。在使用综合方法的过程中进行残差拟合时,分别用了三次样条差值法、反距离加权、二次曲面拟合法三种方法,对每种方法的计算效果进行对比和分析,并比较其差异。最后根据研究区的GPS数据和水准数据分别对剩余地势模型法、“移去-恢复”计算法以及综合法的精化结果进行精度评定,并根据不同地区的位置、地势、范围大小等特点,分析各种改正的效果,确定最佳改正方案。结果表明,在兴城娘娘庙研究区内,单独使用剩余地势模型改正后的EGM2008模型比原始模型精度提高约1cm,而利用重力数据计算获得的大地水准面差距的精度比原始的EGM2008模型提高了2.5cm左右,其精度以及可靠性均高于RTM模型。在吉林省地区,剩余地势模型改正后的EGM2008相比较于原始模型,在精度上也有一定程度的提高。剩余地势模型改正效果的显著性与研究区域地势复杂性呈正相关,而使用实测重力数据计算得到的重力大地水准面对改正结果进行残差拟合,能够在一定程度上改正该模型在特定地区的区域性误差,从而进一步提高该模型的精度。“移去-恢复”法精化大地水准面模型的前提是在实验区域内有足够数量的重力数据。RTM模型不依赖于实测数据,因而其成本相对较低,为提高RTM模型改正的精度,可以在测区内采集少量的重力点进行修正。在大地水准面精化过程中,应考综合虑到采集数据成本问题和精度要求,选取适当的实施方案。
[Abstract]:GPS measurement has high efficiency and can measure latitude and longitude under WGS84 coordinate datum and geodetic height when ground observation is not visible. And the positive (constant) height of the measured points can be obtained by combining (quasi-) geoid models with GPS measurements, independent of climatic conditions, The accuracy of using GPS to measure geodetic height and convert it to height is determined by two factors: the first is the accuracy of geodetic height obtained by GPS, and the second is the accuracy of geoid difference (height anomaly) derived from geoid model. With the development of GPS measurement technology and the improvement of measurement method, high precision geodetic height can be obtained quickly by using GPS receiver to measure IGS tracking station or by using CORS system. Therefore, how to obtain high precision geoid model has become a key problem in GPS height measurement. According to the principle, characteristics and calculation method of EGM2008 global gravity field model, this paper introduces the residual terrain model method for restoring the high frequency signal of gravity field model, and the correction method of inconsistent datum level of the model. The Stokes theory of geoid difference and the processing method of measured gravity data are also presented. The geoid difference is calculated according to the method of "removal and recovery". Taking the Niangmiao area of Xingcheng and Jilin Province as examples, the inconsistent parameters of datum are calculated according to the measured GPS data, and the leveling model is corrected. Then the high frequency signal of EGM2008 global geoid model is restored based on the residual terrain model, the gravity geoid model is established based on the measured gravity data and the method of "removal and recovery", and the GPS/ leveling data are measured. The precision of the two methods is evaluated, and a method of calculating the refined geoid based on the residual terrain model and the gravity data measured on the ground is put forward. In the course of using the synthetic method, the cubic spline difference method, the inverse distance weighting method and the Quadric surface fitting method are used respectively. The calculation results of each method are compared and analyzed, and the differences between them are compared. Finally, according to the GPS data and leveling data of the study area, the precision of the residual terrain model method, the "remove-restore" calculation method and the comprehensive method are evaluated respectively, and according to the characteristics of different regions, such as location, topography, range and so on. Analyze the effect of various corrections and determine the best correction scheme. The results show that, in the research area of the Niangniang Temple in Xingcheng, The accuracy of the corrected EGM2008 model by using the residual terrain model alone is about 1 cm higher than that of the original model, while the accuracy of the geoid gap calculated by gravity data is about 1 cm higher than that of the original EGM2008 model. The accuracy and reliability of the model are higher than that of RTM model. In Jilin Province, the precision of EGM2008 after correction of residual terrain model is improved to a certain extent compared with the original model. The significance of the correction effect of residual terrain model is positively related to the complexity of terrain in the study area, and the residual fitting results of gravity geoid face correction calculated by using the measured gravity data are obtained. It can correct the regional error of the model in a certain extent and further improve the accuracy of the model. In order to improve the accuracy of correction of RTM model, the premise of "remove and restore" method to refine the geoid model is that there are enough gravity data in the experimental area. The model does not depend on the measured data, so its cost is relatively low. A small number of gravity points can be collected in the measured area for correction. In the process of geoid refinement, the cost of collecting data and the requirement of precision should be taken into account comprehensively, and the appropriate implementation scheme should be selected.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P228.4;P223
本文编号：2238524
[Abstract]:GPS measurement has high efficiency and can measure latitude and longitude under WGS84 coordinate datum and geodetic height when ground observation is not visible. And the positive (constant) height of the measured points can be obtained by combining (quasi-) geoid models with GPS measurements, independent of climatic conditions, The accuracy of using GPS to measure geodetic height and convert it to height is determined by two factors: the first is the accuracy of geodetic height obtained by GPS, and the second is the accuracy of geoid difference (height anomaly) derived from geoid model. With the development of GPS measurement technology and the improvement of measurement method, high precision geodetic height can be obtained quickly by using GPS receiver to measure IGS tracking station or by using CORS system. Therefore, how to obtain high precision geoid model has become a key problem in GPS height measurement. According to the principle, characteristics and calculation method of EGM2008 global gravity field model, this paper introduces the residual terrain model method for restoring the high frequency signal of gravity field model, and the correction method of inconsistent datum level of the model. The Stokes theory of geoid difference and the processing method of measured gravity data are also presented. The geoid difference is calculated according to the method of "removal and recovery". Taking the Niangmiao area of Xingcheng and Jilin Province as examples, the inconsistent parameters of datum are calculated according to the measured GPS data, and the leveling model is corrected. Then the high frequency signal of EGM2008 global geoid model is restored based on the residual terrain model, the gravity geoid model is established based on the measured gravity data and the method of "removal and recovery", and the GPS/ leveling data are measured. The precision of the two methods is evaluated, and a method of calculating the refined geoid based on the residual terrain model and the gravity data measured on the ground is put forward. In the course of using the synthetic method, the cubic spline difference method, the inverse distance weighting method and the Quadric surface fitting method are used respectively. The calculation results of each method are compared and analyzed, and the differences between them are compared. Finally, according to the GPS data and leveling data of the study area, the precision of the residual terrain model method, the "remove-restore" calculation method and the comprehensive method are evaluated respectively, and according to the characteristics of different regions, such as location, topography, range and so on. Analyze the effect of various corrections and determine the best correction scheme. The results show that, in the research area of the Niangniang Temple in Xingcheng, The accuracy of the corrected EGM2008 model by using the residual terrain model alone is about 1 cm higher than that of the original model, while the accuracy of the geoid gap calculated by gravity data is about 1 cm higher than that of the original EGM2008 model. The accuracy and reliability of the model are higher than that of RTM model. In Jilin Province, the precision of EGM2008 after correction of residual terrain model is improved to a certain extent compared with the original model. The significance of the correction effect of residual terrain model is positively related to the complexity of terrain in the study area, and the residual fitting results of gravity geoid face correction calculated by using the measured gravity data are obtained. It can correct the regional error of the model in a certain extent and further improve the accuracy of the model. In order to improve the accuracy of correction of RTM model, the premise of "remove and restore" method to refine the geoid model is that there are enough gravity data in the experimental area. The model does not depend on the measured data, so its cost is relatively low. A small number of gravity points can be collected in the measured area for correction. In the process of geoid refinement, the cost of collecting data and the requirement of precision should be taken into account comprehensively, and the appropriate implementation scheme should be selected.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P228.4;P223
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