基于高分辨率遥感影像的城区彩钢棚提取与空间分布特征分析

发布时间：2018-09-18 18:37

【摘要】：彩钢棚因其材质的特殊性,已成为城市快速建设、发展的标志之一,广泛分布于工业园区、新技术开发区、城中村、城乡结合部、城市边缘等城市地块。彩钢棚在促进城市发展的同时,数量巨大的临时性彩钢棚聚集区已成为典型的城市脆弱区,成为火灾、违章建筑和环境污染监测的重点。高分辨率遥感影像具有高的空间分辨率,能够有效地获取地面的彩钢棚信息。但是文献分析表明,尚未有关彩钢棚遥感提取的报道。国产高分系列影像具有精度、时间和成本方面的优势。因此,本文以国产高分系列影像为数据源,在研究彩钢棚信息提取的基础上,研究了彩钢棚的空间分布特征,并尝试分析了其与城市空间结构的关系。论文主要研究成果如下:(1)提出了面向对象的彩钢棚识别与提取模型。彩钢棚大小差异悬殊,确立较优的影像分割尺度是较小初始分割尺度与较大分块合并尺度的组合。并规定,当影像分割后被正确分割的最大彩钢棚与最小彩钢棚面积比达到最大时的分割尺度为最优分割尺度。目标特征提取是影像分割后的重要步骤,本文挖掘了彩钢棚的色彩、光谱、空间等特征,并基于知识规则的决策树模型提取了GF-1影像中的彩钢棚信息。实验结果表明,此方法有较高的彩钢棚识别率。(2)研究了彩钢棚空间分布特征。论文以兰州市安宁区彩钢棚为目标,采用平均最近邻方法,分析研究了小型、大型彩钢棚在空间中的聚集性分布特征,结果表明小型彩钢棚的聚集性特征更为明显;采用标准差椭圆方法,分析研究了彩钢棚的分布方向,结果显示安宁区彩钢棚呈东南—西北轴向扩散,其中,大型彩钢棚的扩散趋势更加显著;采用核密度方法,分析了彩钢棚在不同区域的分布密度,结果表明小型彩钢棚集中分布于城市次中心区域,而大型彩钢棚聚集于城市次边缘区域,且在城市边缘地带,两类彩钢棚都有沿道路两侧分布的趋势;(3)研究了彩钢棚空间特征与城市空间结构的关系。通过相关性计算,表明安宁区各行政街道小型彩钢棚总面积与农业人口数量存在中度正相关关系,大型彩钢棚总面积与规模以上企业数量和产值分别呈高度正相关和中度正相关;采用半变异函数分析彩钢棚的空间自相关特征,结果从侧面反映出安宁区是沿长轴方向渐进式的扩展模式;采用Voronoi图构建、分析彩钢棚点集边界和分散特性,结果表明彩钢棚点集边界与安宁区建成区边界有一定程度的吻合性。
[Abstract]:Because of the particularity of its material, the colored steel shed has become one of the signs of rapid urban construction and development. It is widely distributed in industrial parks, new technology development zones, in-city villages, urban and rural areas, urban fringe and other urban land blocks. At the same time of promoting the development of the city, a large number of temporary colored steel sheds have become a typical fragile area of the city, and become the focus of fire, illegal building and environmental pollution monitoring. High-resolution remote sensing images have high spatial resolution and can effectively obtain the information of colored steel shed on the ground. However, literature analysis shows that there is no report on remote sensing extraction of colored steel shed. Domestic high score series images have the advantages of accuracy, time and cost. Therefore, based on the data source of domestic high score series images, the spatial distribution characteristics of colored steel shed are studied on the basis of information extraction, and the relationship between color steel shed and urban spatial structure is analyzed. The main research results are as follows: (1) an object-oriented identification and extraction model for colored steel shed is proposed. The difference in the size of color steel shed makes the better image segmentation scale a combination of smaller initial segmentation scale and larger block merging scale. It is also stipulated that the optimal segmentation scale is when the ratio of the maximum color steel shed area to the minimum color steel shed area is the maximum after the image is segmented. Target feature extraction is an important step after image segmentation. In this paper, color, spectrum and space features of colored steel shed are excavated, and decision tree model based on knowledge rules is used to extract color steel shed information from GF-1 image. The experimental results show that this method has a high recognition rate of colored steel shed. (2) the spatial distribution characteristics of colored steel shed are studied. Taking the colored steel shed in Anning district of Lanzhou as the target, this paper analyzes and studies the characteristics of the aggregation of the small and large colored steel sheds in space by using the average nearest neighbor method. The results show that the aggregation characteristics of the small colored steel sheds are more obvious. By using standard deviation ellipse method, the distribution direction of colored steel shed is analyzed and studied. The results show that the color steel shed in Anning district is diffused in southeast to northwest direction, in which the diffusion trend of large colored steel shed is more obvious, and the nuclear density method is used. The distribution density of the colored steel shed in different regions is analyzed. The results show that the small colored steel shed is concentrated in the sub-central area of the city, while the large colored steel shed is concentrated in the sub-marginal area of the city and is located in the urban fringe zone. The two kinds of colored steel sheds are distributed along both sides of the road. (3) the relationship between the spatial characteristics of the colored steel sheds and the urban spatial structure is studied. Through correlation calculation, it is shown that there is a moderate positive correlation between the total area of the small colored steel shed in the administrative streets of Anning District and the number of agricultural population. The total area of large colored steel shed is highly positively correlated with the number and output value of the enterprises above the scale, and the spatial autocorrelation characteristics of the colored steel shed are analyzed by semi-variance function. Results the results show that the Anning area is a gradual expansion model along the long axis, and the Voronoi diagram is used to construct the boundary and dispersion of the point set of the colored steel shed. The results show that the boundary of the point set of colored steel shed is consistent with the boundary of the built area in Anning area to some extent.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P237

【参考文献】