区域大地水准面精化理论与应用研究

发布时间：2018-10-14 10:08

【摘要】：大地水准面是描述地球形状的一个重要物理参考面，是大地测量基准之一。大地测量工作中需要长期努力并且艰巨的任务之一就是不断精化全球和区域大地水准面。随着确定大地水准面技术的不断发展，建立高精度、高分辨率的区域似大地水准面不仅需要利用GPS定位技术和水准测量技术，现代地球重力场的确定理论和方法也是必不可少的，总之，利用现代化的技术建立区域似大地水准面具有十分重要的科学意义。论文首先论述了国内外大地水准面精化的发展状况，重点介绍了我国区域大地水准面精化的发展和现有的成果；对大地水准面精化进行了综述，介绍了大地水准面精化的理论基础，即不同的高程系统以及相应的起算基准面；详细的阐述了确定大地水准面三种基本方法的原理，即几何方法、重力学方法和组合法的原理，并研究了这三种基本方法的区别和特点，以及在精化区域大地水准面中三种方法中代表性模型的建立：对于几何方法，分析了GPS/水准、天文水准和卫星测高三种方法，并针对GPS/水准拟合法的代表性模型进行了重点阐述，包括:加权平均拟合、曲线拟合（多项式曲线拟合和Akima法曲线拟合）和曲面拟合（多面函数拟合）。以同一数据为例，分别用加权平均拟合法、二次多项式曲面拟合法和多面函数拟合法对其进行实际拟合运算，，对各自方法拟合的效果和实用性进行比较，得出了有益的结论，并研究了几何法确定区域大地水准面的误差来源。对于重力学方法，研究了重力法精化大地水准面的理论（斯托克司方法、莫洛金斯基理论）和主要技术（移去--恢复技术）、（似）大地水准面的计算模型、区域厘米级大地水准面精化的实施方法。另外，还研究了移去~恢复法的原理以及精化区域大地水准面的技术途径和模式，并结合具体算例对其进行了精度和实用性的对比分析，得出了一些有意义的结论。最后，对论文的工作进行了总结，提出了区域大地水准面精化的一些有益结论和留待解决的问题。
[Abstract]:Geoid is an important physical reference plane to describe the shape of the earth and is one of the geodetic datum. One of the long-term and arduous tasks in geodesy is to continuously refine global and regional geoid. With the development of geoid determination technology, the establishment of high precision and high resolution area quasi geoid requires not only the use of GPS positioning technology and leveling technology, The theory and method of determining the gravity field of the modern earth are also essential. In short, it is of great scientific significance to establish the regional quasi geoid mask by using the modern technology. This paper first discusses the development of geoid refinement both at home and abroad, especially introduces the development of regional geoid refinement in China and the existing achievements, and summarizes the development of geoid refinement. This paper introduces the theoretical basis of geoid refinement, that is, different elevation systems and corresponding starting datum, and expounds in detail the principles of three basic methods for determining geoid, that is, geometric method, heavy mechanics method and combination method. The differences and characteristics of the three basic methods and the establishment of representative models in the three methods in the refined geoid are studied. For geometric methods, the three methods of GPS/ leveling, astronomical leveling and satellite elevation are analyzed. The representative model of GPS/ leveling method is described in detail, including weighted average fitting, curve fitting (polynomial curve fitting and Akima curve fitting) and surface fitting (multi-plane function fitting). Taking the same data as an example, using weighted average fitting method, quadratic polynomial surface fitting method and polyhedral function fitting method, respectively, the actual fitting operation is carried out. The effect and practicability of their fitting methods are compared, and some useful conclusions are obtained. The error sources of geoid determination by geometric method are studied. For the gravity method, the computational models of the refined geoid theory (Stokes method, Morrow Kinski theory) and the main techniques (remove-restore technique), (likeness) are studied. The implementation method of regional centimeter level geoid refinement. In addition, the principle of removal and restoration method and the technical approaches and models of refined regional geoid are studied. The accuracy and practicability of the method are compared and analyzed with concrete examples, and some meaningful conclusions are obtained. Finally, the work of this paper is summarized, and some useful conclusions and problems to be solved for regional geoid refinement are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P223.0

【引证文献】