线状工程测量平面坐标系的建立方法研究与实现
发布时间：2018-11-04 11:07
【摘要】：随着GPS测量技术在工程测量领域的广泛应用,线状工程一般采用GPS测量技术进行平面控制测量,并通过高斯投影建立工程平面坐标系。根据椭球大地测量学原理可知,在高斯投影建立的工程独立坐标系中进行数据处理时,存在全站仪方向观测值和距离观测值的两化改正,而实际工程中普遍认为水平方向观测值的两化改正均很小,将其忽略,只进行水平距离观测值的两化改正。另外,为了保证线状工程平面测量的长度投影变形满足相应规范的要求,必须将整条线路投影到不同的高斯投影带,由此产生了非常繁琐的换带计算。本文从上述两方面问题入手,首先总结了高斯投影建立线状工程测量平面坐标系的方法,对基于参考椭球的全站仪观测数据的系统误差改正进行了定量分析,重点分析了垂线偏差在线状工程平面测量中对水平方向观测值、水平距离值的影响,编程实现了EGM2008地球重力场模型计算垂线偏差分量,并通过实际工程算例对其进行了验证分析。然后,介绍了道路工程渐变平面坐标系的基本理论,重点推导了道路工程渐变平面坐标系下GPS数据处理的数学模型和随机模型,并通过工程实例对其进行了验证。最后,对全站仪平面测量数据处理方法进行了归纳总结,并编写了全站仪平面测量数据处理软件,通过实际工程算例验证了其正确性,对计算效率也进行了对比分析。通过理论论证及算例分析结果表明,由于线状工程平面测量中线路跨度和线路起伏均较大,所以垂线偏差对水平方向和水平距离观测值的影响不能忽视,应对其加以改正；道路工程渐变平面坐标系具有严密的理论基础,全线统一、不受线路长度的影响,并且顾及了GPS数据的垂线偏差改正,使得全站仪测量数据在此坐标系下无需两化改正可以直接进行平差计算,设计数据无需逆向两化改正直接用于放样,是线路工程平面测量理想的坐标系统；全站仪平面测量数据处理软件计算结果正确,计算效率高。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of GPS surveying technology in engineering surveying field, GPS measurement technology is generally used in linear engineering to carry out plane control survey, and the engineering plane coordinate system is established through Gao Si projection. According to the ellipsoidal geodesy principle, when the data is processed in the engineering independent coordinate system established by Gao Si's projection, there are two corrections of the total station direction observation value and the distance observation value. However, it is generally believed in practical engineering that the two corrections of the observed values in horizontal direction are very small, which are ignored, and only the two corrections of the observed values of horizontal distance are carried out. In addition, in order to ensure that the length projection deformation of the linear engineering plane survey meets the requirements of the corresponding specifications, the entire line must be projected to different Gao Si projection bands, which has resulted in a very complicated calculation of the changing band. Starting with the above two problems, this paper first summarizes the method of Gao Si projection to establish the plane coordinate system of linear engineering survey, and makes a quantitative analysis of the system error correction of the total station observation data based on reference ellipsoid. The influence of horizontal direction observation value and horizontal distance value on vertical line deviation in on-line engineering plane survey is analyzed, and the EGM2008 earth gravity field model is programmed to calculate the vertical deviation component. It is verified and analyzed by practical engineering examples. Then, the basic theory of road engineering gradient plane coordinate system is introduced, and the mathematical model and stochastic model of GPS data processing in the road engineering gradual plane coordinate system are deduced, and verified by an engineering example. Finally, the data processing methods of total station plane survey are summarized, and the software of total station plane survey data processing is compiled. The correctness of the software is verified by an actual engineering example, and the calculation efficiency is compared and analyzed. The results of theoretical demonstration and numerical example analysis show that the influence of vertical deviation on horizontal direction and horizontal distance observation value can not be ignored because the line span and line fluctuation are large in plane survey of linear engineering, and it should be corrected. The gradual change plane coordinate system of road engineering has a strict theoretical foundation, the whole line is unified, it is not affected by the length of the line, and the correction of the vertical deviation of GPS data is taken into account. In this coordinate system, the total station survey data can be directly adjusted without two corrections, and the design data can be directly used for lofting without reverse correction, so it is an ideal coordinate system for line engineering plane survey. The calculation result of the data processing software of total station plane survey is correct and the calculation efficiency is high.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU198;P228.4
本文编号：2309638
[Abstract]:With the wide application of GPS surveying technology in engineering surveying field, GPS measurement technology is generally used in linear engineering to carry out plane control survey, and the engineering plane coordinate system is established through Gao Si projection. According to the ellipsoidal geodesy principle, when the data is processed in the engineering independent coordinate system established by Gao Si's projection, there are two corrections of the total station direction observation value and the distance observation value. However, it is generally believed in practical engineering that the two corrections of the observed values in horizontal direction are very small, which are ignored, and only the two corrections of the observed values of horizontal distance are carried out. In addition, in order to ensure that the length projection deformation of the linear engineering plane survey meets the requirements of the corresponding specifications, the entire line must be projected to different Gao Si projection bands, which has resulted in a very complicated calculation of the changing band. Starting with the above two problems, this paper first summarizes the method of Gao Si projection to establish the plane coordinate system of linear engineering survey, and makes a quantitative analysis of the system error correction of the total station observation data based on reference ellipsoid. The influence of horizontal direction observation value and horizontal distance value on vertical line deviation in on-line engineering plane survey is analyzed, and the EGM2008 earth gravity field model is programmed to calculate the vertical deviation component. It is verified and analyzed by practical engineering examples. Then, the basic theory of road engineering gradient plane coordinate system is introduced, and the mathematical model and stochastic model of GPS data processing in the road engineering gradual plane coordinate system are deduced, and verified by an engineering example. Finally, the data processing methods of total station plane survey are summarized, and the software of total station plane survey data processing is compiled. The correctness of the software is verified by an actual engineering example, and the calculation efficiency is compared and analyzed. The results of theoretical demonstration and numerical example analysis show that the influence of vertical deviation on horizontal direction and horizontal distance observation value can not be ignored because the line span and line fluctuation are large in plane survey of linear engineering, and it should be corrected. The gradual change plane coordinate system of road engineering has a strict theoretical foundation, the whole line is unified, it is not affected by the length of the line, and the correction of the vertical deviation of GPS data is taken into account. In this coordinate system, the total station survey data can be directly adjusted without two corrections, and the design data can be directly used for lofting without reverse correction, so it is an ideal coordinate system for line engineering plane survey. The calculation result of the data processing software of total station plane survey is correct and the calculation efficiency is high.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU198;P228.4
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 张建新;张太鹏;蔡冬梅;宋书云;;基于工程独立坐标系统建立方案的探讨[J];矿山测量;2010年04期
，本文编号：2309638
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