卫星定位系统驯服的高精度频率源
发布时间：2018-11-19 17:16
【摘要】：GPS (Global Positioning System)即全球定位系统,是美国国防部在子午仪系统(GPS系统前身)的基础上研发的全球卫星定位系统。到1994年全球覆盖率高达98%的24颗GPS卫星己全部布设完成。它可以为全球范围内的用户提供实时定位与导航功能,同时它也可以利用高稳定度的星载原子钟提供精准的授时功能。目前采用GPS卫星时钟源同步本地时钟的技术已成为国内外产生高精度和高稳定时钟的主流方法之一。该技术的核心思想是：在卫星传输正常时,通过手持端接收卫星信号用卫星时钟驯服本地时钟；卫星信号不稳定时,则由本地时钟(恒温晶振)代替卫星时钟工作输出脉冲信号。 本文首先对4大全球定位系统：美国GPS全球定位系统、俄罗斯GLONASS系统、欧盟Galileo系统以及后起之秀我国北斗卫星导航系统进行了介绍和对比,并对各个系统的优缺点进行了简单分析。这之中属美国的GPS系统在全球范围内应用的最早也最为广泛,它的技术相对成熟,地面接收模块成本也较低,因此本系统采用物美价廉的美国GPS模块作为接收卫星信号产生脉冲信号的接收端。本文设计的是基于授时型GPS模块的频率源系统,它通过GPS接收模块输出的10kHz信号和lpps信号实现对本地晶振的驯服,来输出高精度的频率源信号,并对两种方式驯服效果进行分析和对比。10kHz驯服部分通过锁相环实现,在GPS模块锁定卫星后会输出一个高精度的10kHz信号,系统会用这个10kHz信号去驯服本地恒温晶振。它主要由2部分组成：(1)GPS模块：通过接收卫星发射的信号,处理输出高精度的脉冲信号作为信号源的时间基准；(2)半数字锁相环：实现GPS信号对本地晶振的驯服,主要有鉴相器、无源环路滤波器、CPLD分频和高精度的恒温晶振几部分组成。lpps部分则主要由相位时间差测量模块、数据处理和电压反馈组成,相位时间差测量模块会测量出lpps信号和晶振经分频后输出信号之间的相位差,然后这个相位差会被送至单片机处理以输出一个反馈信号至恒温晶振的控制端,控制晶振输出频率的变化,达到校正本地晶振输出高性能频率源信号的目的。 通过软硬件设计完成了整个系统电路的理论分析、设计、安装和调试,系统输出数据经测试均优于驯服前。该系统成本低、功耗小,运行稳定可靠,频率精确度、稳定度高。
[Abstract]:GPS (Global Positioning System) (Global Positioning system) is a global positioning system developed by the United States Department of Defense on the basis of Meridian instrument system (GPS system predecessor). By 1994, 24 GPS satellites with global coverage of up to 98% had been completed. It can provide real-time positioning and navigation for users around the world, and it can also provide precise timing functions using high stability space-borne atomic clocks. At present, the technology of synchronizing local clock with GPS satellite clock source has become one of the main methods to produce high precision and high stability clock at home and abroad. The core idea of this technology is: when the satellite transmission is normal, the satellite clock tame the local clock by receiving the satellite signal through the handheld terminal; When the satellite signal is unstable, the local clock (constant temperature crystal oscillator) is used instead of the satellite clock to output the pulse signal. This paper first introduces and compares the four major global positioning systems: the GPS Global Positioning system of the United States, the Russian GLONASS system, the European Union Galileo system and the rising star China Beidou Satellite Navigation system. The advantages and disadvantages of each system are analyzed briefly. The GPS system in the United States is the earliest and most widely used in the world. Its technology is relatively mature, and the cost of the ground receiving module is also relatively low. Therefore, the GPS module of the United States is used as the receiving end of the satellite signal to generate the pulse signal. In this paper, a frequency source system based on GPS module is designed. It can tame the local crystal oscillator by 10kHz signal and lpps signal output by GPS receiver module, which can output high precision frequency source signal. The taming effect of the two methods is analyzed and compared. The part of 10kHz acclimation is realized by phase-locked loop. After the GPS module locks the satellite, a high-precision 10kHz signal will be output, and the system will use this 10kHz signal to tame the local constant temperature crystal oscillator. It is mainly composed of two parts: (1) GPS module: by receiving the signal transmitted by the satellite, it processes the high-precision pulse signal as the time reference of the signal source; (2) Semi-digital phase-locked loop: the GPS signal tame the local crystal oscillator, mainly composed of phase detector, passive loop filter, CPLD frequency division and high-precision thermostatic crystal oscillator. The lpps part is mainly composed of phase time difference measurement module. Data processing and voltage feedback, phase time difference measurement module will measure the phase difference between the lpps signal and the crystal oscillator output signal after frequency division. Then the phase difference will be sent to the single chip processor to output a feedback signal to the control end of the constant temperature crystal oscillator to control the variation of the output frequency of the crystal oscillator and to correct the output signal of the high performance frequency source of the local crystal oscillator. The whole system circuit is analyzed, designed, installed and debugged by software and hardware design. The system output data are better than before taming. The system has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, stable operation, high frequency accuracy and high stability.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4
本文编号：2342927
[Abstract]:GPS (Global Positioning System) (Global Positioning system) is a global positioning system developed by the United States Department of Defense on the basis of Meridian instrument system (GPS system predecessor). By 1994, 24 GPS satellites with global coverage of up to 98% had been completed. It can provide real-time positioning and navigation for users around the world, and it can also provide precise timing functions using high stability space-borne atomic clocks. At present, the technology of synchronizing local clock with GPS satellite clock source has become one of the main methods to produce high precision and high stability clock at home and abroad. The core idea of this technology is: when the satellite transmission is normal, the satellite clock tame the local clock by receiving the satellite signal through the handheld terminal; When the satellite signal is unstable, the local clock (constant temperature crystal oscillator) is used instead of the satellite clock to output the pulse signal. This paper first introduces and compares the four major global positioning systems: the GPS Global Positioning system of the United States, the Russian GLONASS system, the European Union Galileo system and the rising star China Beidou Satellite Navigation system. The advantages and disadvantages of each system are analyzed briefly. The GPS system in the United States is the earliest and most widely used in the world. Its technology is relatively mature, and the cost of the ground receiving module is also relatively low. Therefore, the GPS module of the United States is used as the receiving end of the satellite signal to generate the pulse signal. In this paper, a frequency source system based on GPS module is designed. It can tame the local crystal oscillator by 10kHz signal and lpps signal output by GPS receiver module, which can output high precision frequency source signal. The taming effect of the two methods is analyzed and compared. The part of 10kHz acclimation is realized by phase-locked loop. After the GPS module locks the satellite, a high-precision 10kHz signal will be output, and the system will use this 10kHz signal to tame the local constant temperature crystal oscillator. It is mainly composed of two parts: (1) GPS module: by receiving the signal transmitted by the satellite, it processes the high-precision pulse signal as the time reference of the signal source; (2) Semi-digital phase-locked loop: the GPS signal tame the local crystal oscillator, mainly composed of phase detector, passive loop filter, CPLD frequency division and high-precision thermostatic crystal oscillator. The lpps part is mainly composed of phase time difference measurement module. Data processing and voltage feedback, phase time difference measurement module will measure the phase difference between the lpps signal and the crystal oscillator output signal after frequency division. Then the phase difference will be sent to the single chip processor to output a feedback signal to the control end of the constant temperature crystal oscillator to control the variation of the output frequency of the crystal oscillator and to correct the output signal of the high performance frequency source of the local crystal oscillator. The whole system circuit is analyzed, designed, installed and debugged by software and hardware design. The system output data are better than before taming. The system has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, stable operation, high frequency accuracy and high stability.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4
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