基于GIS的朗县地质灾害易发性评价研究
发布时间：2018-11-25 13:40
【摘要】：我国是世界上地质灾害最发育、危害最严重的国家之一，地质灾害种类繁多，分布广泛，活动频繁，危害严重。近年来随着经济的快速发展，自然资源被索取程度逐步加重，加之人类不合理工程活动的剧烈影响，地质灾害频繁发生，不仅使社会经济发展受阻，而且也威胁到人民的生命财产安全。因此，及时有效地进行防灾减灾已成为当今社会关乎民生的重要工作。地质灾害易发性评价是地质灾害调查与评价的一项重要任务，合理开展此项研究，可为防灾减灾工作提供有效的科学依据。 本文选取西藏自治区朗县为研究对象，以研究E地质灾害易发性评价为研究中心，针对其所处的地质环境条件，通过对研究区的野外调查以及相关资料的室内分析，总结出研究区地质灾害的发育类规律、规模特征以及重要影响因素，同时针对地质灾害的重要影响因素做相关性分析，得出研究区主要地质灾害与各影响因素之间的相关关系。基于评价体系的构建原则，选取对地质灾害影响较为重要的因素作为评价因子，构建地质灾害易发性评价指标体系；本文选用栅格单元做为评价单元，选取坡度、坡向、岩组类型、构造影响距、月均降雨量以及发育点密度等六个影响因素作为评价指标，构建研究区地质灾害易发性评价指标体系。然后结合地理信息系统（G1S)技术，运用基于GIS的相关评价模型——基于AHP的模糊综合评价模型和基于信息熵的模糊综合评价模型分别对研究区地质灾害进行易发性评价研究，实现研究区内地质灾害易发性评价的科学合理化；根据评价结果得出研究区易发性评价分区图，进而对研究区地质灾害进行易发性分区。最后，，基于己调查得知研究区地质灾害分布图，对以上两种方法所得结果相比较，得出二者中与实际情况最相符的方法，进而针对研究区实际地质灾害情况，提出地质灾害必要的防治措施。
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries with the most developed and serious geological hazards in the world. There are many kinds of geological disasters, wide distribution, frequent activities and serious harm. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the demand for natural resources has been gradually aggravated, in addition to the severe impact of human unreasonable engineering activities, geological disasters occur frequently, which not only hinder the social and economic development. It also threatens the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, timely and effective disaster prevention and mitigation has become an important work related to people's livelihood. Geological hazard vulnerability assessment is an important task of geological hazard investigation and evaluation. Reasonable development of this study can provide an effective scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation. In this paper, Longxian County, Tibet Autonomous region, is selected as the research object, and the evaluation of the vulnerability of geological hazard E is taken as the research center. According to the geological environment conditions, the field investigation and the indoor analysis of the related data are carried out in the study area. The development law, scale characteristics and important influencing factors of geological disasters in the study area are summarized. At the same time, according to the correlation analysis of the important influencing factors of geological disasters, the correlation relationship between the main geological hazards and the influencing factors in the study area is obtained. Based on the construction principle of the evaluation system, the factors which are more important to the geological hazard are selected as the evaluation factors, and the evaluation index system of geological hazard vulnerability is constructed. In this paper, the raster unit is chosen as the evaluation unit, and six influencing factors, such as slope, slope direction, rock group type, tectonic influence distance, monthly average rainfall and development point density, are selected as evaluation indexes. To construct the evaluation index system of geological hazard vulnerability in the study area. Then combining with GIS (G1S) technology, using the relevant evaluation models based on GIS, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on AHP and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on information entropy, the vulnerability evaluation of geological hazards in the study area is studied respectively. To realize the scientific rationalization of geological hazard vulnerability assessment in the study area; According to the evaluation results, the susceptibility assessment zoning map of the study area is obtained, and the susceptibility zoning of geological hazards in the study area is carried out. Finally, based on the investigation, the geological hazard distribution map of the study area is obtained, and the results obtained from the above two methods are compared, and the methods that are most consistent with the actual situation are obtained, and then the actual geological hazard situation in the study area is pointed out. The necessary preventive measures for geological hazards are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P208;P694
本文编号：2356302
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries with the most developed and serious geological hazards in the world. There are many kinds of geological disasters, wide distribution, frequent activities and serious harm. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the demand for natural resources has been gradually aggravated, in addition to the severe impact of human unreasonable engineering activities, geological disasters occur frequently, which not only hinder the social and economic development. It also threatens the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, timely and effective disaster prevention and mitigation has become an important work related to people's livelihood. Geological hazard vulnerability assessment is an important task of geological hazard investigation and evaluation. Reasonable development of this study can provide an effective scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation. In this paper, Longxian County, Tibet Autonomous region, is selected as the research object, and the evaluation of the vulnerability of geological hazard E is taken as the research center. According to the geological environment conditions, the field investigation and the indoor analysis of the related data are carried out in the study area. The development law, scale characteristics and important influencing factors of geological disasters in the study area are summarized. At the same time, according to the correlation analysis of the important influencing factors of geological disasters, the correlation relationship between the main geological hazards and the influencing factors in the study area is obtained. Based on the construction principle of the evaluation system, the factors which are more important to the geological hazard are selected as the evaluation factors, and the evaluation index system of geological hazard vulnerability is constructed. In this paper, the raster unit is chosen as the evaluation unit, and six influencing factors, such as slope, slope direction, rock group type, tectonic influence distance, monthly average rainfall and development point density, are selected as evaluation indexes. To construct the evaluation index system of geological hazard vulnerability in the study area. Then combining with GIS (G1S) technology, using the relevant evaluation models based on GIS, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on AHP and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on information entropy, the vulnerability evaluation of geological hazards in the study area is studied respectively. To realize the scientific rationalization of geological hazard vulnerability assessment in the study area; According to the evaluation results, the susceptibility assessment zoning map of the study area is obtained, and the susceptibility zoning of geological hazards in the study area is carried out. Finally, based on the investigation, the geological hazard distribution map of the study area is obtained, and the results obtained from the above two methods are compared, and the methods that are most consistent with the actual situation are obtained, and then the actual geological hazard situation in the study area is pointed out. The necessary preventive measures for geological hazards are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P208;P694
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 杨志双,柴建峰,王景明,刘科;京沈高速公路迁-滦连线龙山滑坡成因机理分析及治理[J];吉林大学学报(地球科学版);2003年01期
2 霍艾迪;张骏;卢玉东;成玉祥;姚以亮;;地质灾害易发性评价单元划分方法——以陕西省黄陵县为例[J];吉林大学学报(地球科学版);2011年02期
3 张业成,张春山,张梁;中国地质灾害系统层次分析与综合灾度计算[J];中国地质科学院院报;1993年Z1期
4 戴福初,李军;地理信息系统在滑坡灾害研究中的应用[J];地质科技情报;2000年01期
5 高治群;薛传东;尹飞;和怀中;祝传兵;;基于GIS的信息量法及其地质灾害易发性评价应用——以滇中晋宁县为例[J];地质与勘探;2010年06期
6 陈晓利;叶洪;程菊红;;GIS技术在区域地震滑坡危险性预测中的应用——以龙陵地震滑坡为例[J];工程地质学报;2006年03期
7 喻生波;;地质灾害防治工程效益分析评价[J];甘肃地质;2009年02期
8 张永军;侯云龙;刘武;;层次分析法和GIS空间分析法在兰州市区地质灾害易发性评价中的应用[J];甘肃地质;2009年04期
9 章伟民;对地质灾害危险性评估中几个问题的探讨[J];甘肃科学学报;2003年S1期
10 刘如珍,金凌燕,张永军,赵玉红;地质灾害危险性评估和防治工程效益分析评价[J];甘肃科学学报;2003年S1期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 邱海军;区域滑坡崩塌地质灾害特征分析及其易发性和危险性评价研究[D];西北大学;2012年
本文编号：2356302
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/dizhicehuilunwen/2356302.html
