基于GIS的西藏札达地区滑坡灾害危险性评价研究

发布时间：2018-12-06 19:38

【摘要】：喜马拉雅山地区属于我国地质灾害最严重的区域之一，地质灾害的发生严重的阻碍了当地经济的正常发展，破坏区域生态环境的平衡。近年来，随着对地质灾害危险性评价的深入研究，其理论及方法较为成熟，危险性评价的研究成果不但为地质灾害的预测及防治工作提供科学的依据，还有效的避免了人员、财产不必要的损失。本文以西藏札达地区为研究对象，根据对影响区内重大滑坡灾害发育及分布因素的研究为基础，利用层次分析法及模糊数学法对札达地区的重大滑坡灾害进行危险性评价。主要研究内容如下：（1）研究区灾害评价指标体系的建立由于影响滑坡灾害的因素众多，故结合札达地区地质特征选取合理的影响因素参与评价。通过分析区内滑坡灾害形成条件及分布特征，将主要影响因素分为基础影响因素及诱发影响因素2大类，并进一步分为9种影响因子，最终由其共同构成本文的评价指标体系。（2）研究区灾害评价方法的研究为确保研究方法的科学合理性及长期有效性，本文选取层次分析法与模糊数学方法对区内重大滑坡灾害进行综合分析。在分析滑坡灾害的各影响因素时，综合考虑区内具体情况，运用层次分析法对各影响因子的权重进行量化，将量化后的指标权重引入模糊数学模型中，最终建立起区内滑坡稳定性评价模型。（3）研究区灾害危险性评价札达地区滑坡灾害的空间发育具明显丛集性，区内34处重大滑坡灾害点整体以南东向展布，其中超过70%的灾害点分布在西南一侧，由于札达地区地形地貌的特殊性，对灾害发育及分布的主控因素与通常认识有所不同，本文作者针对研究内容的一般性及特殊性，结合本文研究结论提出了相关建议。
[Abstract]:Himalayan region is one of the most serious geological disasters in China. The occurrence of geological disasters seriously hinders the normal development of local economy and destroys the balance of regional ecological environment. In recent years, with the in-depth study of geological hazard risk assessment, its theory and methods are more mature. The research results of risk assessment not only provide scientific basis for the prediction and prevention of geological hazards, but also effectively avoid the personnel. Unnecessary loss of property. Based on the study of the development and distribution factors of major landslide disasters in Zanda region, Tibet, the risk assessment of major landslide disasters in Zanda area is carried out by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy mathematics method. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the establishment of the disaster evaluation index system in the study area because of the numerous factors affecting landslide disaster, the reasonable factors are selected to participate in the evaluation combined with the geological characteristics of Zanda area. By analyzing the formation conditions and distribution characteristics of landslide disasters in the region, the main influencing factors are divided into two categories: basic influencing factors and induced factors, and further divided into 9 kinds of influencing factors, which constitute the evaluation index system of this paper. (2) in order to ensure the scientific rationality and long-term validity of the research method, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the fuzzy mathematics method are selected to analyze the major landslide disasters in the study area in order to ensure the scientific rationality and long-term validity of the method. When analyzing the influencing factors of landslide disaster, considering the specific situation in the area, the weight of each influencing factor is quantified by AHP, and the index weight after quantization is introduced into the fuzzy mathematical model. Finally, the evaluation model of landslide stability is established. (3) the spatial development of landslide disaster in Zanda area is obviously clustered, and 34 major landslide disaster sites in the study area are distributed south to east, and more than 70% of them are located on the southwest side. Because of the particularity of topography and geomorphology in Zanda area, the main controlling factors of the development and distribution of disasters are different from the usual understanding. In view of the generality and particularity of the research contents, the author puts forward some relevant suggestions based on the conclusions of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P642.22

【参考文献】