基于GIS与RS的不同矿区矿山地质环境评价方法对比研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 07:50

【摘要】：矿产资源长时期的不合理开发利用，造成了各种各样的矿山地质环境问题。在我们国家由于地质条件的复杂和地区地理区域的差异，矿山地质环境问题较为突出和严重。但是矿山地质环境评价工作至今还没有形成成熟的，被业内专家普遍接受的方法和理论体系。在此背景条件下，基于中国地质调查局下达的“京津地区矿山开发遥感调查与监测”项目，利用worldview-2数据对北京市房山门头沟煤矿研究区与北京市密云铁矿研究区对比研究，进行了矿山地质环境评价。本次研究主要取得了以下成果： 1．选择门头沟-房山煤矿研究区及密云铁矿研究区，不同的研究区具有不同的地质成矿背景、不同的矿产开发矿种、不同的开采方式和不同的开发程度，不同的条件对地质环境造成不同的影响程度也各不相同，因此，对不同的研究区选择了不同的评价因子。 2．论文选用WorldView-2数据并辅以ETM+遥感影像进行该次研究，在多源资料的基础上，运用ARCGIS、ENVI平台，通过对其进行图像预处理、图像解译等一些列操作进行了各评价因子的信息提取工作，并取得了良好的成果。 3．论文结合以往研究方法提出矢量多边形结合缓冲区法的评价方法，为矿山地质环境评价的发展提供技术支持。同时，选用将层次分析结合模糊数学法进行两个矿区的矿山地质环境评价，该方法结合层次分析法及模糊数学法的优点，，使评价结果更加客观，结果证明，该方法对两个矿区均适用，并取得了很好的效果。 4．基于论文中两个区域的矿山地质环境评价对比研究，延伸到其他矿区同样适用。在评价体系的确立中，分析对研究区影响较大的因子并将其列为重要评价因子。对于信息量较大，且开采方式比较复杂的区域，选择网格法能够满足该区域及相似区域的地质环境评价工作；对于信息量较少，开采方式比较简单的区域，选择矢量多边形结合缓冲区法能够满足该区域及相似区域的矿山地质环境评价工作。
[Abstract]:The unreasonable exploitation and utilization of mineral resources for a long time have caused various geological environmental problems in mines. Because of the complexity of geological conditions and regional geographical differences in our country, mine geological environment problems are more prominent and serious. However, the evaluation of mine geological environment has not yet formed a mature and generally accepted method and theory system by the experts in the field. Under this background, based on the project of "remote Sensing investigation and Monitoring of Mining Development in Beijing and Tianjin area" issued by the China Geological Survey, a comparative study was made between the research area of Mentougou Coal Mine in Fangshan and Miyun Iron Mine in Beijing by using worldview-2 data. The mine geological environment was evaluated. The main achievements of this study are as follows: 1. Choose Mentougou-Fangshan Coal Mine Research area and Miyun Iron Mine Research area, different research areas have different geological and metallogenic background, different mineral development minerals, Different mining methods and different development degrees, different conditions have different effects on geological environment, so different evaluation factors are selected for different research areas. 2. In this paper, WorldView-2 data and ETM remote sensing images are selected for this study. On the basis of multi-source data, we use ARCGIS,ENVI platform to preprocess the images. Some column operations, such as image interpretation, have been used to extract the information of each evaluation factor, and good results have been achieved. 3. The paper puts forward the evaluation method of vector polygon combined with buffer method, which provides technical support for the development of mine geological environment evaluation. At the same time, AHP combined with fuzzy mathematics method is selected to evaluate the geological environment of two mining areas. The method combines the advantages of AHP and fuzzy mathematics to make the evaluation results more objective. This method is applicable to both mining areas and has achieved good results. 4. Based on the comparative study of mine geological environment evaluation in two areas in this paper, it is also applicable to other mining areas. In the establishment of evaluation system, the factors which have a great influence on the study area are analyzed and listed as important evaluation factors. For the regions with large amount of information and complicated mining methods, the selection of grid method can satisfy the geological environment evaluation work in this area and similar areas. For the regions with less information and simple mining methods, the selection of vector polygon combined with buffer method can meet the needs of mine geological environment evaluation in this area and similar areas.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P237;X82

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