区域数字高程基准模型的构建方法研究及其应用

发布时间：2018-12-21 08:12

【摘要】：数字高程基准模型是现代测量定位的参考框架,同时也是研究相关地球科学的重要基础数据。因此,构建高分辨率高精度的区域数字高程基准模型具有非常重要的科研意义和工程实践意义。本文主要采用现有的免费数据源,结合重力场模型法、“移去-恢复”法、GNSS/水准法以及组合法等,研究区域数字高程基准模型的确定理论、确定方法及其应用。采用的数据源主要包括：EGM2008和EIGEN-6C3stat等超高阶地球重力场模型；SRTMV4.1, SRTM30_PLUS、DTM2006.0和RET2012等高分辨率数字地形模型；DTU13重力异常数据以及区域GNSS/水准数据等。获得的主要成果如下：(1)采用3种方案构建分辨率为1’×1’的华南重力(似)大地水准面(20°N～30°N, 109°E～120°E)和华东重力(似)大地水准面(28°N～38°N,113°E-123°E)。方案1仅采用地球重力场模型,方案2除采用地球重力场模型外,还采用数字地形模型作地形改正,方案3综合采用了地球重力场模型、数字地形模型和格网重力异常数据。经检核,华南重力(似)大地水准面的标准差：在广东最优为8.4cm,在A区最优为9.7cm,在雪峰山测段最优为4.6cm,在湄洲岛测区最优为2.9cm；华东重力(似)大地水准面的标准差：在B市最优为3.3cm,在杭州湾测区最优为2.6cm。(2)基于华南和华东重力(似)大地水准面,利用收集到较多GNSS/水准数据的A区和B市区域作进一步精化,采用6种拟合模型对重力(似)大地水准面进行校正,获得了华南A区约4万km2的GNSS似大地水准面和华东B市约1千km2的GNSS似大地水准面。经检核,A区GNSS似大地水准面的外符合均方根最优为5.5cm,B市GNSS似大地水准面的外符合均方根最优为2.2cm。(3)结合组合法,将华南重力似大地水准面用于长大隧道群的高程传递研究。实验结果表明：将拟合高程与水准实测高程进行比较,得标准差最优为0.7cm;将拟合高差与水准实测高差进行比较,得标准差最优为0.8cm。100%的测段能完全替代四等和三等水准测量,65%的测段能满足二等水准测量要求。研究成果对于利用GNSS技术实现长距离高程传递具有较好的参考价值。(4)结合现有程序,本文独立研制了用于区域大地水准面确定的G软件。该软件能综合利用地球重力场模型、数字地形模型、格网重力异常数据以及GNSS/水准数据,依照重力场模型法、“移去-恢复”法、GNSS/水准法和组合法等进行区域大地水准面的确定。在地球重力场模型相关泛函的计算中,该软件采用扩程算法计算高阶缔合勒让德函数,能在10800阶次内对任何纬度进行精确计算而不产生数值溢出问题。本文的研究成果并未采用我国任何实测陆地重力数据,可为无实测陆地重力数据区域的(似)大地水准面确定提供一定的参考。而且,随着空间对地探测技术的不断发展,由空间探测技术所获得的重力场信息正逐步完善,这将更有利于本文方法的推广。
[Abstract]:Digital elevation reference model is not only a reference frame for modern surveying and positioning, but also an important basic data for the study of geoscience. Therefore, it is of great significance in scientific research and engineering practice to construct a regional digital elevation reference model with high resolution and high accuracy. In this paper, the determination theory, determination method and application of the regional digital elevation reference model are studied by using the existing free data sources, combined with gravity field model method, "remove-recovery" method, GNSS/ leveling method and combination method, etc. The main data sources used include: EGM2008 and EIGEN-6C3stat, such as ultra-high order gravity field models; SRTMV4.1, SRTM30_PLUS,DTM2006.0 and RET2012, such as high-resolution digital terrain model; DTU13 gravity anomaly data and regional GNSS/ leveling data, and so on. The main results obtained are as follows: (1) three schemes are used to construct the South China gravity (similar) geoid with a resolution of 1'脳 1'(20 掳Nu 30 掳N, 109 掳E ~ (120 掳E) and the East China gravity (like) geoid (28 掳N ~ (38) 掳N ~ (113) 掳E-123 掳E). Scheme 1 uses only the earth gravity field model, scheme 2 uses the earth gravity field model as well as the digital terrain model for terrain correction, and scheme 3 uses the earth gravity field model, the digital terrain model and the grid gravity anomaly data synthetically. After checking, the standard deviation of gravity geoid in South China is as follows: 8.4cm in Guangdong, 9.7 cm in area A, 4.6 cm in Xuefeng Mountain and 2.9 cm in Meizhou Island. The standard deviation of gravity (quasi) geoid in East China is 3.3 cm in B city and 2.6 cm in Hangzhou Bay area. (2) based on the gravity (similar) geoid in South and East China, Using area A and city B which collected more GNSS/ leveling data for further refinement, six fitting models are used to correct the gravity (quasi-) geoid. The GNSS quasi geoid of about 40 km2 in area A of South China and the GNSS quasi geoid of about 1 000 km2 in B city of East China are obtained. After checking, the external coincidence root-mean-square (RMS) of GNSS quasi geoid in area A is 5.5cm ~ (-1) cm ~ (-1) in GNSS quasi geoid of B city. (3) combined combination method. The gravity quasi geoid in South China is used to study the elevation transfer of long tunnel groups. The experimental results show that the optimum standard deviation is 0.7 cm when the fitting height is compared with the measured height. By comparing the fitting height difference with the measured height difference, it is found that the section with the best standard deviation of 0.8 cm. 100% can completely replace the fourth and third grade leveling, and 65% of the measured section can meet the requirements of the second class leveling. The research results have good reference value for using GNSS technology to realize the long distance height transfer. (4) combined with the existing programs, this paper independently developed G software for the determination of regional geoid. The software can make comprehensive use of gravity field model, digital terrain model, grid gravity anomaly data and GNSS/ leveling data, according to gravity field model method, "remove-recover" method. GNSS/ leveling method and combination method are used to determine the regional geoid. In the calculation of the related functional of the Earth's gravity field model, the software uses the extended range algorithm to calculate the higher-order associative Legendre function, which can accurately calculate any latitude within 10800 orders without the problem of numerical overflow. The research results in this paper do not use any measured land gravity data in China, which can provide a certain reference for the determination of (quasi-) geoid in the area without measured land gravity data. In addition, with the development of space-to-earth exploration technology, the gravity field information obtained by space exploration technology is being gradually improved, which will be more conducive to the extension of the method in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P208

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