基于规则格网DEM地形特征提取研究

发布时间：2019-01-27 06:12

【摘要】：数字高程模型(DEM)中蕴含着各种丰富的地形结构特征信息,如特征点,特征线,特征面。这些点、线、面是构建地形地貌的骨架,并对地形地貌有一定的控制作用。例如,在地貌形态研究中,山顶点是不可或缺的地形特征点之一。山脊线和山谷线构成了地形起伏变化的分界线,从物理角度来讲,同时也是分水线和汇水线,不仅对于地形地貌的研究有着重要的意义,而且在工程应用方面也有着特殊的意义。从DEM数据中提取隐含的地形特征信息是地学研究的重点问题之一。基于DEM数据的地形特征提取方法,依据数据源主要分为三种,即基于规则格网数据的地形特征提取、基于不规则三角网地形特征提取以及基于等高线数据的地形特征提取。由于规则格网数据结构简单等优点,本文研究了规则格网数据的地形特征提取方法。本文介绍了提取地形特征的国内外研究现现状和相关理论阐述了山顶点、山脊线和山谷线的相关概念和提取算法.并且结合实验数据对改进的山顶点山脊线山谷线算法进行分析。在山顶点的提取中,改进前人的算法,通过分析山顶点形态特征,设计了一种基于形态分析的山顶点快速提取方法,研究结果表明该方法研能够快速有效的提取山顶点,并且DEM分辨率和分析窗口的大小对于山顶点的提取有着重要的影响。论文中山谷线和山脊线的提取是基于水流模拟方法提取的,主要针对原始DEM数据的预处理方法进行改进,并对提取的结果利用正负地形加以改正,最终得到提取结果。本文改进的研究算法,提取的地形特征与实际地形相吻合。提取的地形特征信息为地形结构研究、地形空间分布研究以及制图综合提供了基础。但是算法中出现的一些理论和技术处理上的问题需要进一步改进。
[Abstract]:The digital elevation model (DEM) contains a variety of topographic features, such as feature points, feature lines and feature surfaces. These points, lines and surfaces are the skeleton of terrain and geomorphology. For example, in the study of geomorphology, the hilltop is one of the indispensable topographic features. The ridge line and the valley line constitute the dividing line of the topographic fluctuation and change. From the physical point of view, they are also the dividing line and the catchment line, which is not only of great significance for the study of the topography and geomorphology. And in the engineering application also has the special significance. Extracting the hidden terrain feature information from DEM data is one of the key problems in geoscience research. The methods of terrain feature extraction based on DEM data are mainly divided into three types according to data sources: terrain feature extraction based on regular grid data, terrain feature extraction based on irregular triangular network and terrain feature extraction based on contour data. Because of the simple structure of regular grid data, the terrain feature extraction method of regular grid data is studied in this paper. In this paper, the present research situation and related theories of extracting topographic features at home and abroad are introduced. The concepts and extraction algorithms of peak point, ridge line and valley line are expounded. Based on the experimental data, the improved algorithm of mountain ridge line and valley line is analyzed. In the extraction of peak point, the former algorithm is improved. By analyzing the morphological characteristics of the peak point, a fast extraction method based on morphological analysis is designed. The research results show that the method can extract the peak point quickly and effectively. And the DEM resolution and the size of the analysis window have an important effect on the extraction of peak points. The extraction of valley line and ridge line in this paper is based on the method of water flow simulation, which mainly improves the preprocessing method of original DEM data, and corrects the result by positive and negative terrain, and finally obtains the result of extraction. In this paper, the improved algorithm, the extracted terrain features are consistent with the actual terrain. The extracted topographic feature information provides a basis for the study of topographic structure, terrain spatial distribution and cartographic generalization. However, some theoretical and technical problems in the algorithm need to be further improved.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P208

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