测量坐标系统转换方法研究与实现

发布时间：2019-02-11 07:55

【摘要】：由于历史的原因,不同的国家和地区采用了不同的参考椭球,因而就会出现不同的大地坐标系;同一国家或地区在不同的历史阶段,由于某些原因改变了参考椭球,也会出现不同的大地坐标系。目前我国用于测图、工程设计、工程规划以及其他用途的大地控制点一般都是基于北京54坐标系或西安80坐标系。如何将现有的测量成果在北京54坐标系、西安80坐标系和地方独立坐标系之间相互转换,以及最终转换到2000国家大地坐标系下,实现地理信息的共享,避免重复建设,减少资源浪费等,是一项亟待解决的难题。研究不同坐标系统之间的转换关系,分析其中的影响因素,从而实现各类坐标系统间的高精度转换,保证测绘成果能够精确地转入目标坐标系下使用并能够最大限度地利用已有测绘成果和资料。本文主要工作如下:(1)从地球椭球等基本理论出发,对坐标系统进行了简单分类,介绍了我国常用的几种坐标系,叙述了实现各类坐标系转换的方法。(2)针对我国地方及工程应用中坐标系不统一的问题,研究了公共点对坐标转换精度的影响。通过工程实例研究局部区域的公共点个数、公共点分布及公共点精度等几个因素对坐标转换精度的影响。(3)重点研究了WGS-84坐标系向我国常用的参心坐标系进行坐标转换的两种模型,即平面转换模型和空间转换模型,并通过实例对这两种转换模型进行了验证。(4)在此基础上,设计完成了一套坐标系统转换软件,可以实现不同形式的坐标转换。并以榆林市为例,设计了榆林市地方独立坐标系与北京54坐标系和西安80坐标系的相互转换。软件界面设计简洁友好,操作简单。
[Abstract]:Because of the historical reasons, different countries and regions adopt different reference ellipsoid, so different geodetic coordinate system will appear. In the same country or region, the reference ellipsoid has been changed for some reasons at different historical stages, and different geodetic coordinates will also appear. At present, the geodetic control points used in surveying, engineering design, engineering planning and other applications in China are generally based on Beijing 54 coordinate system or Xi'an 80 coordinate system. How to convert the existing survey results between Beijing 54 coordinate system, Xi'an 80 coordinate system and local independent coordinate system, and finally convert them to 2000 national geodetic coordinate system, so as to realize the sharing of geographical information and avoid repeated construction. Reducing the waste of resources is a difficult problem to be solved. The conversion relationship between different coordinate systems is studied, and the influencing factors are analyzed, so as to realize the high-precision transformation between various coordinate systems. To ensure that the surveying and mapping results can be accurately transferred to the target coordinate system and to maximize the use of existing surveying and mapping results and data. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) starting from the basic theory of ellipsoid of the earth, the coordinate system is simply classified, and several kinds of coordinate systems commonly used in our country are introduced. The methods to realize coordinate system transformation are described. (2) the influence of common points on coordinate conversion accuracy is studied in view of the inconsistency of coordinate systems in local and engineering applications in China. The number of common points in a local area is studied by an engineering example. The influence of common point distribution and common point precision on coordinate conversion accuracy is discussed. (3) two models of coordinate transformation from WGS-84 coordinate system to the common reference coordinate system in China are studied. The plane transformation model and the spatial transformation model are used to verify the two models. (4) on this basis, a set of coordinate system transformation software is designed, which can realize coordinate transformation in different forms. Taking Yulin as an example, the transformation of local independent coordinate system, Beijing 54 coordinate system and Xi'an 80 coordinate system is designed. The software interface design is simple and friendly, the operation is simple.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P226.3

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