信息技术条件下自然要素自动综合及实现方法的研究

发布时间：2019-02-14 15:35

【摘要】：综合是制图学的重要的研究方向之一,也是客观现实世界科学美观抽象表达的关键。制图综合在对地理信息加工和转换过程中实现了地图信息的传递。制图综合历来是地图学中最富挑战性和创造性的研究领域之一,也是地图制图中必须解决而又未能很好解决的难题。随着地图由纸质地图-数字地图-地理信息系统-数字地球的发展,制图综合也经历了由定性描述到定量描述,从单纯手工作业到计算机实现的历程。计算机技术的发展为数字地图自动综合提供了新的技术手段。本文在参阅和研究了国内外研究资料的基础上,对自然要素中的点、线、面要素的综合进行了研究和探索。本文主要的研究内容包括了以下几个方面： 1.自然要素综合的基本思想和基本算法。要开展自然要素自动制图综合的研究,首先对制图综合的内涵、方法以及模型进行系统的概括与总结。以此为指导,分别研究了Delaunay三角网及其对偶图Voronoi图的定义和构建算法、空间关系内涵和建立算法、等高线相邻关系树的建立算法和应用等基础自动制图综合算法,为下文的点、线、面自然要素的综合奠定了基础。同时根据人类认识世界的特点,提出在自然要素综合过程中使用分层处理的思想,综合考虑目标的空间信息和属性信息,对对象进行划分层次的综合处理,使得结果更加合理。 2.典型点群自然地物要素的综合算法研究。分析了用以表示点群分布的特征参量,提出了点群综合的一般方法,并将基于加权处理的分层思想用以点群的选取中,使得到的结果更加合理。 3.典型线状自然地物要素的综合算法研究。选择河网和等高线作为典型地物进行研究,分析了河网的数据组织特征,实现了基于树状数据组织结构的河网分层选取和河流化简。分析指出了等高线自动综合两种主流方向和综合的算法,重点分析了基于地形结构线的成组等高线简化方法实现,其中创造性的提出了基于等高线相邻关系树的研究实现和应用。 4.典型面状自然地物要素的综合算法研究。研究了湖泊选取的处理过程和湖泊轮廓图形优化的算法。通过在自主研发的New Map系列软件平台上编程实现后的实验、应用,验证了本文提出的基础算法和研究方法的正确性、可靠性。
[Abstract]:Generalization is one of the important research directions in cartography, and it is also the key to the abstract expression of science and beauty in the objective real world. Cartographic generalization realizes the transfer of map information in the process of processing and converting geographic information. Cartographic generalization has always been one of the most challenging and creative research fields in cartography. With the development of map from paper map, digital map, geographic information system to digital earth, cartographic generalization has also experienced the course from qualitative description to quantitative description, from simple manual operation to computer realization. The development of computer technology provides a new technique for automatic digital map synthesis. On the basis of consulting and studying the domestic and foreign research data, this paper studies and explores the synthesis of the points, lines and surface elements in the natural elements. The main contents of this paper include the following aspects: 1. The basic idea and algorithm of natural factor synthesis. In order to carry out the research on automatic cartographic generalization of natural elements, the connotation, methods and models of cartographic generalization are summarized and summarized systematically. Under this guidance, the definition and construction algorithm of Delaunay triangulation and its Voronoi diagram, spatial relation connotation and algorithm, the algorithm of building contour line adjacent relation tree and the algorithm of automatic cartographic generalization are studied respectively, which are the following points. The synthesis of natural elements of line and surface has laid the foundation. At the same time, according to the characteristics of human understanding of the world, the idea of using stratification in the process of natural element synthesis is put forward, and the spatial information and attribute information of the object are considered synthetically, and the object is divided into different levels, which makes the result more reasonable. 2. Research on the synthetic algorithm of the elements of the natural features of typical point groups. The characteristic parameters used to represent the distribution of point groups are analyzed and a general method of point group synthesis is proposed. The idea of stratification based on weighted processing is applied to the selection of point groups and the results obtained are more reasonable. 3. Research on synthesis algorithm of typical linear natural feature elements. The river network and contour line are selected as typical ground objects, the data organization characteristics of river network are analyzed, and the hierarchical selection and river simplification of river network based on tree data organization structure are realized. This paper analyzes and points out two main directions and algorithms for automatic synthesis of contour lines, and focuses on the realization of the simplified method of group contour lines based on topographic structure lines. Among them, we creatively put forward the research realization and application based on contour adjacent relation tree. 4. Research on synthesis algorithm of typical surface natural feature elements. The processing process of lake selection and the optimization algorithm of lake contour are studied. Through the experiment of programming on the New Map software platform, the correctness and reliability of the basic algorithm and research method proposed in this paper are verified.
【学位授予单位】：中国测绘科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P283.7

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