基于RS、GIS的重庆市主城区城市空间扩展研究

发布时间：2019-03-06 10:59

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展和城市化水平的提高,人口逐步向城市、城镇集中,城市空间扩展与农用地尤其耕地资源减少之间的矛盾成为地学特别是地球信息科学关注的焦点。利用地学理论与卫星遥感、地理信息系统技术研究城市扩张问题,具有极大的优越性和广阔的应用前景。本研究对遥感影像数据进行了系统的恢复处理、增强处理、融合处理。对遥感影像数据的提取主要涉及城市空间、城市重心,土地生态分类的训练样本选择、可分离性评估、分类方法选择。为获取重庆市主城区城市空间扩展时间尺度上的连续性、完整性,本研究分别收集了主城区自1978年到2012年的卫星遥感影像数据及相关专题辅助数据,专注于城市空间扩展结果的提取,分析了各时段主城区城市空间扩展的结果,主城区城市重心的迁移及主城区在水平及垂直方向的扩展；运用主城区卫星遥感影像数据进行土地生态分类解译,定性、定量的提取了主城区城市空间扩展中建设用地同耕地、林地、草地等的彼消此长关系；分析主城区城市空间扩展的驱动力因素,表明主城区城市建成区空间扩张的驱动因素以自然地理因素和社会经济因素。对数期遥感影像数据的分析,1997年之前主城区城市化进程极其缓慢、规模较小,主要集中在嘉陵江以南、长江以北及歌乐山以东的传统主城地区,城市空间和非城市空间相间分布；直辖后主城区城市化局部突破了地形地貌的限制,城市空间扩展的速度、规模、结构都迈上新台阶。到2012年,主城区城市建成区增加了将近一倍,城市重心经过数次的迁移最终还是稳定在渝中半岛附近,空间的紧凑度依然保持在一定的额度。城市空间扩展的方向,随着直辖后社会经济的发展、大型基础设施(隧道、桥梁等)的完建,城市空间在水平方向上扩张主要分布在城市的外围,在垂直方向上扩展的海拔高度有明显的提升。运用主城区卫星遥感影像数据进行土地生态分类,定性、定量获得了在城市空间扩展中城市建成区与农用地、林地、水域、草地等的增减状态及相互关系,结果显示城市建成区的空间扩展直接造成城乡结合部及工业园区规划中的农用地、林地、草地直接减少。主城区城市空间扩展的结果是多种自然地理因素和社会经济因素综合作用的结果：主城区四山两江及低山丘陵相间分布,既是主城区城市空间扩展的瓶颈,也决定了主城区城市空间扩张的方向；主城区人口的增涨、经济发展尤其工业园区的建设、政府政策及规划以及以交通为主的基础设施等社会经济因素则直接决定了主城区城市空间扩张的速度、规模。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the improvement of urbanization level, the contradiction between urban spatial expansion and the decrease of agricultural land, especially arable land resources, has become the focus of geoscience, especially geo-information science. Using geoscience theory satellite remote sensing and geographic information system technology to study urban expansion has great advantages and broad application prospects. In this study, the remote sensing image data were systematically restored, enhanced and fused. The extraction of remote sensing image data mainly involves the selection of training samples, separability assessment and classification method selection of urban space, urban center of gravity, land ecological classification. In order to obtain the continuity and integrity of urban spatial expansion time scale in Chongqing, this study collected satellite remote sensing image data and related thematic auxiliary data from 1978 to 2012, respectively. Focusing on the extraction of the results of urban spatial expansion, this paper analyzes the results of urban spatial expansion in each period of time, the migration of urban center of gravity and the horizontal and vertical expansion of urban center of gravity; Using the satellite remote sensing image data of the main urban area to classify and interpret the land ecology, qualitative and quantitative extraction of the relationship between the construction land and cultivated land, woodland, grassland and so on in the urban spatial expansion of the main urban area; By analyzing the driving factors of urban spatial expansion in the main urban areas, it is shown that the driving factors of the spatial expansion in the urban built-up areas of the main urban areas are physical geographical factors and socio-economic factors. The analysis of the remote sensing image data shows that before 1997, the urbanization process of the main urban area was extremely slow and the scale was relatively small, mainly concentrated in the traditional main city areas south of the Jialing River, north of the Yangtze River and east of the Gele Mountain. Interphase distribution of urban space and non-urban space; The urbanization of the main urban area has broken through the limitation of topography and landform, and the speed, scale and structure of the urban space expansion have all stepped to a new level. By 2012, the urban built-up area of the main city had nearly doubled, the center of gravity of the city had been relocated several times and remained stable in the vicinity of Yuzhong Peninsula, while the compactness of the space remained at a certain level. The direction of urban space expansion, with the socio-economic development after the direct administration, the completion of large infrastructure (tunnels, bridges, etc.), urban space expansion in the horizontal direction mainly distributed in the periphery of the city. The elevation that extends in the vertical direction has a marked rise. Using the satellite remote sensing image data of the main city area to classify the land ecology, qualitatively and quantitatively, the increasing and decreasing state and the relationship between the urban built-up area and the agricultural land, woodland, water area, grassland and so on in the urban spatial expansion are obtained. The results show that the spatial expansion of urban built-up areas directly results in a direct reduction of agricultural land, woodland and grassland in the urban-rural fringe and industrial park planning. The result of the urban spatial expansion of the main urban area is a combination of various physical and geographical factors and socio-economic factors: the interphase distribution of the four mountains, two rivers and low hills in the main urban area is not only the bottleneck of the urban spatial expansion of the main urban area, but also the main urban spatial expansion bottleneck. It also determines the direction of urban space expansion in the main urban area. Social and economic factors, such as population increase, economic development, especially the construction of industrial parks, government policies and planning, transportation-based infrastructure and other socio-economic factors directly determine the speed and scale of urban space expansion in the main urban areas.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P237;TU984.113

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