基于GIS的白山市江源区泥石流危险性评价研究

发布时间：2019-04-18 09:36

【摘要】：白山市江源区地处吉林省东南部山区，区内地形、地貌条件较复杂，地质环境质量较差，是吉林省泥石流灾害较为发育的地区。江源区大部分位于山区，具备泥石流形成的基本条件，在自然作用和人类工程活动的共同影响下，区内泥石流较发育，发生频率较高，危害也较为严重。泥石流灾害的存在不仅对当地人民的生命财产安全构成威胁，而且限制了当地社会经济的稳步快速发展。在充分考虑泥石流形成的内动力和外动力条件下，对影响泥石流的各个影响因素进行深入分析，结合泥石流形成所必须的潜在松散物质来源、水动力条件等因素，建立相关影响因素的泥石流危险性评价体系，将GIS与层次分析法相结合，对区内泥石流进行危险性评价，通过GIS空间分析能力的体现，发挥层次分析法可以多要素汇总分析评价的优势，有效的将评价过程中的因素量化，并将影响权重判别的主观因素与客观因素良好的结合。经过详细的野外调查、充分收集研究区的地质环境资料基础上，分析研究区的地质环境背景及泥石流发育特征和形成机制，将地面高程、地貌类型、地层岩性、地质构造、山坡坡度、年均降雨量、人类工程活动影响及土地利用确定为评价因子；应用GIS绘制了各因子的评价分析图，并利用层次分析法确定了各评价因子的权重。通过危险性评价模型进行泥石流危险性分区。选用有效的数学方法进行泥石流危险性评价研究，并与传统的定性化泥石流危险性打分评价进行对比分析。通过本文的研究将理论分析指导实际应用，，可为白山市江源区泥石流灾害防治工作提供技术支持，从而达到为当地地质灾害防治部门制定泥石流灾害防治规划及防灾、减灾措施起到积极作用。
[Abstract]:Baishan City Jiangyuan District is located in the southeast mountain area of Jilin Province. Its topography, geomorphology and geological environment quality are relatively complex. It is a relatively developed area of debris flow disaster in Jilin Province. Most of Jiangyuan area is located in mountainous area, which has the basic conditions of debris flow formation. Under the joint influence of natural action and human engineering activities, debris flow in the area is more developed, the frequency of debris flow is higher, and the harm is more serious. The existence of debris flow disaster not only threatens the safety of local people's life and property, but also limits the steady and rapid development of local society and economy. Under the condition of considering the internal and external dynamics of debris flow formation, the influence factors of debris flow are analyzed deeply, combined with the factors such as the potential loose material source, hydrodynamic condition and so on, which are necessary for the formation of debris flow. The risk assessment system of debris flow is established, which combines GIS with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the risk of debris flow in the area. Through the embodiment of the spatial analysis ability of GIS, the risk assessment of debris flow in the area is carried out. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) can make use of the advantages of multi-factor analysis and evaluation, effectively quantize the factors in the evaluation process, and combine the subjective and objective factors that affect the weight discrimination well. After detailed field investigation, on the basis of fully collecting the geological environmental data of the study area, the geological environment background and the characteristics and formation mechanism of debris flow in the study area are analyzed, and the ground elevation, geomorphologic type, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, and so on, are taken into account. Slope, average annual rainfall, impact of human engineering activities and land use were determined as evaluation factors. The evaluation analysis chart of each factor was drawn by GIS, and the weight of each evaluation factor was determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Risk zoning of debris flow is carried out by risk assessment model. An effective mathematical method is used to evaluate the risk of debris flow, and compared with the traditional qualitative evaluation of debris flow risk. Through the research in this paper, the theoretical analysis will guide the practical application, which can provide technical support for the prevention and control of debris flow disaster in the Jiangyuan district of Baishan City, so as to draw up the debris flow disaster prevention plan and disaster prevention for the local geological disaster prevention and control department. Disaster reduction measures play a positive role.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P642.23;P208

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