面向文档的空间数据组织

发布时间：2019-04-26 18:30

【摘要】：本文旨在研究GIS中空间数据组织的新方法。空间数据组织与管理一直是GIS领域的热点问题。GIS中各类空间数据底层数据结构不一致，异构的数据分开存储，相互独立，这对空间数据的组织、管理、调度、显示带来了不便，增加了GIS软件的开发周期、工作量以及维护难度。传统空间数据组织方式主要包括基于元数据的组织方式、基于地图分幅的组织方式与基于金字塔的组织方式；传统的空间数据存储管理方式主要包括文件管理方式、关系数据库和文件混合管理方式以及基于关系数据库的扩展方式。传统的空间数据组织管理方式不能有效的解决空间数据异构性带来的问题。近年来，很多GIS专家学者对异构空间数据的集成管理进行了大量的研究，涌现出一些优秀的解决方案，但是很多方法并没有在物理层次上实现异构空间数据的统一存储管理。为有效组织、管理和利用海量空间数据，克服空间数据异构性带来的问题，本文在结合面向文档思想的基础上，提出了面向文档的空间数据组织方法。该方法以四叉树结构对地理空间进行层次划分，构建全球地理网格金字塔模型，并使用文档表示和存储地理网格内的层次结构与异构空间数据，形成多源、多尺度、异构空间数据的统一组织管理框架。面向文档的空间数据组织解决了异构空间数据统一组织、存储和管理的问题，符合GIS分布式、云计算的发展趋势，初步奠定了面向文档空间数据组织的理论基础。论文的主要工作成果如下： (1)提出了一种新的空间数据组织方法。本文研究了面向文档的思想，提出了地理块的概念，阐明了文档与地理块的相似性，并在分析传统空间数据组织管理方法的基础上，提出了面向文档的空间数据组织方法。 (2)设计了全球地理网格金字塔模型。本文基于四叉树结构对全球地理空间进行划分，构建了全球地理网格金字塔模型，金字塔中每一级别都划分成规则的网格集合，各级格网组成严密的层次结构。将空间数据置入该模型中，，可以实现全球多源、多尺度、海量空间数据的统一组织管理。 (3)提出了面向文档的异构空间数据整合方案。不管在定义还是内部结构上，文档与地理块都非常相似。所以，使用文档可以方便的存储地理块内的异构空间数据，表达地理块的内部结构，结合面向文档非关系型数据库可以对地理区域内的地理块集合进行统一的存储管理。这种面向文档的空间数据整合方案真正的在物理层次上实现了异构空间数据的整合，能够有效的整合GIS中的异构空间数据。 (4)验证了面向文档空间数据组织的可行性。通过实验验证，证明面向文档的空间数据组织能够有效的组织管理多源海量空间数据，解决了空间数据异构性带来的问题，相比传统空间数据组织管理方法具有更高的适用性与可行性。
[Abstract]:The aim of this paper is to study a new method of spatial data organization in GIS. Spatial data organization and management has always been a hot issue in the field of GIS. The underlying data structure of various spatial data is inconsistent, heterogeneous data is stored separately and independent of each other, which is the organization, management and scheduling of spatial data. Display brings inconvenience, increases the development cycle of GIS software, workload and maintenance difficulty. The traditional spatial data organization mainly includes metadata-based organization, map-based organization and pyramid-based organization. The traditional spatial data storage management methods mainly include file management, relational database and file mixed management and extension based on relational database. Traditional spatial data organization and management can not effectively solve the problems caused by spatial data heterogeneity. In recent years, many GIS experts and scholars have done a lot of research on the integrated management of heterogeneous spatial data, and some excellent solutions have emerged, but many methods have not realized the unified storage management of heterogeneous spatial data on the physical level. In order to effectively organize manage and utilize massive spatial data and overcome the problems caused by spatial data heterogeneity this paper proposes a document-oriented spatial data organization method based on document-oriented thinking. The method uses quad-tree structure to divide geospatial hierarchy, constructs global geographic grid pyramid model, and uses documents to represent and store hierarchical structure and heterogeneous spatial data in geographic grid to form multi-source, multi-scale, multi-source and multi-scale. Unified organization and management framework of heterogeneous spatial data. Document-oriented spatial data organization solves the problem of unified organization, storage and management of heterogeneous spatial data. It accords with the development trend of GIS distributed and cloud computing, and lays a preliminary theoretical foundation for document-oriented spatial data organization. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) A new spatial data organization method is proposed. This paper studies the idea of document-oriented, puts forward the concept of geographical block, clarifies the similarity between document and geographic block, and proposes a document-oriented spatial data organization method based on the analysis of traditional methods of spatial data organization and management. (2) the pyramid model of global geographic grid is designed. In this paper, the global geospatial space is divided based on the quad-tree structure, and the global geographic grid pyramid model is constructed. Each level in the pyramid is divided into regular grid sets, and the grid at all levels forms a strict hierarchical structure. Putting spatial data into this model can realize the unified organization and management of global multi-source, multi-scale and massive spatial data. (3) A document-oriented heterogeneous spatial data integration scheme is proposed. Both in terms of definition and internal structure, documents and geographical blocks are very similar. Therefore, it is convenient to use documents to store heterogeneous spatial data in geographical blocks and to express the internal structure of geographical blocks. Combined with document-oriented non-relational database, the collection of geographical blocks in geographical areas can be stored and managed in a unified way. This document-oriented spatial data integration scheme really realizes the integration of heterogeneous spatial data on the physical level and can effectively integrate the heterogeneous spatial data in GIS. (4) the feasibility of document-oriented spatial data organization is verified. Through the experimental verification, it is proved that the document-oriented spatial data organization can effectively organize and manage the multi-source massive spatial data and solve the problems caused by the heterogeneity of the spatial data. Compared with the traditional spatial data organization management method, it has higher applicability and feasibility.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208

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