基于RS和GIS的宁波市鄞州区土地利用景观格局变化分析

发布时间：2019-04-28 10:13

【摘要】：土地利用景观格局是人类活动和经济发展状况在一定社会形态下的直接反映，分析研究区域土地利用变化过程、规律及驱动因素，明确土地利用变化对生态环境的影响，能够让人类重新审视其对自然的行为，及时修正正确的规划方案。鄞州区是宁波市区域面积最大、经济和科技实力最强的一个区。经济的发展促进了土地利用结构发生了翻天覆地的变化，土地供给与土地需求之间的矛盾也日益剧烈。因此，本文以RS和GIS作为技术支撑对鄞州区的景观格局做动态的监测和定量的分析，总结区域土地利用景观格局变化特征。主要研究成果如下：（1）构建鄞州区土地利用分类系统：结合《土地利用现状分类》（GB/T21010-2007）标准和研究区土地利用概况两方面的内容，将研究区分为5个一级类，主要为：农用地、交通用地、林地、水域及水利设施用地、建设用地，并将林地分为竹林、阔叶林和乔木林三个二级分类。（2）获得鄞州区土地利用监督分类成果：本次研究采用监督分类中支持向量机（SVM）方法进行分类，对分类结果进行精度评定，得到每期影像的总体分类精度分别为85%、87%、92%，，KAPPA分析值分别为0.81、0.83、0.87，满足分类精度最低精度要求。（3）获得三个时期土地利用景观格局分析结果：本研究对研究区土地利用景观从斑块面积变化分析、景观破碎度分析、景观优势度分析以及景观多样性和均匀度分析四个方法进行评价。分析结果表明建筑用地随着城市的发展，该类型面积增幅较大，破碎化程度降低，优势度凸显；农用地面积与建筑面积呈现“此消彼长”的现象，破碎化程度增加，其在景观中绝对优势度消失，且优势度急剧下降；竹林受产业模式的影响，破碎化程度呈现减小-上升的现象，优势度逐渐下降；乔木林受城市化发展的需要以及政府政策的倾斜，乔木林面积持续增长，破碎度降低，优势凸显；从整体看鄞州区破碎度表现为“降低-增加”，各景观类型优势度差距缩小，景观均匀度增加，但景观斑块类型、形状复杂化，景观多样性相应增加。（4）总结鄞州区景观格局变化驱动因素：结合分析结果和鄞州区土地利用情况、经济状况等方面的资料，总结了鄞州区土地利用景观格局变化的驱动因素，主要有五个方面的内容，包括：人口数量的快速增长；经济的蓬勃发展；产业布局对资源利用的影响；人为因素对森林资源的影响；旅游业的兴起。
[Abstract]:Land use landscape pattern is a direct reflection of human activities and economic development in a certain social form. The process, law and driving factors of regional land use change are analyzed and studied, and the influence of land use change on ecological environment is clarified. It allows humans to re-examine their behavior towards nature and correct their plans in a timely manner. Yinzhou District is the largest area and the strongest economic and technological strength in Ningbo. With the development of economy, the land use structure has changed dramatically, and the contradiction between land supply and land demand is becoming more and more intense. Therefore, this paper uses RS and GIS as technical support to make dynamic monitoring and quantitative analysis of the landscape pattern of Yinzhou district, and summarize the change characteristics of regional land use landscape pattern. The main research results are as follows: (1) constructing the land use classification system in Yinzhou District: combining the criteria of "Land use status Classification" (GB/T21010-2007) and the general situation of land use in the research area, The study was divided into five first-class categories: agricultural land, traffic land, woodland, water area and water conservancy facilities land, construction land, and the woodland was classified into three secondary categories: bamboo forest, broad-leaved forest and tree forest. The forest land was divided into three categories: bamboo forest, broad-leaved forest and Arbor forest. (2) obtain the results of land use supervision and classification in Yinzhou: this study uses support Vector Machine (SVM) method to classify and evaluate the accuracy of the classification results. The overall classification accuracy of each phase image is 85%, and the overall classification accuracy of each period is 85%. The analytical values of 87%, 92% and 0.81%, 0.83%, 0.87%, respectively, meet the requirement of the lowest precision of classification. (3) the results of land-use landscape pattern analysis in three periods were obtained: in this study, land-use landscape from patch area change analysis, landscape fragmentation analysis; Landscape dominance analysis and landscape diversity and evenness analysis four methods to evaluate. The analysis results show that with the development of the city, the area of this type increases greatly, the degree of fragmentation decreases, and the dominance is prominent. The agricultural land area and the building area show the phenomenon of "the growth and decline of each other", the degree of fragmentation increases, the absolute dominance disappears in the landscape, and the dominance decreases sharply. Under the influence of the industrial model, the fragmentation degree of bamboo forest decreases-rises, and the dominance decreases gradually. Arbor forest is affected by the need of urbanization and government policy. The area of Arbor forest continues to increase, the degree of fragmentation decreases, and the advantages of Arbor forest are prominent. As a whole, the fragmentation degree of Yinzhou district is "decrease-increase", the difference of dominance of each landscape type decreases, and the landscape uniformity increases, but the landscape patch type and shape are complicated, and landscape diversity increases accordingly. (4) summarize the driving factors of landscape pattern change in Yinzhou district: combined with the results of the analysis and the data of land use and economic situation in Yinzhou district, the driving factors of land use landscape pattern change in Yinzhou district are summarized, and the driving factors of land use landscape pattern change in Yinzhou district are summarized. There are five main aspects, including: the rapid growth of the population; The vigorous development of economy; the influence of industrial distribution on the utilization of resources; the influence of man-made factors on forest resources; the rise of tourism.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P237;P208;P901

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