坐标转换算法研究与软件实现

发布时间：2019-05-23 09:00

【摘要】：随着以全球导航定位技术为主导的现代空间定位技术的迅猛发展,研究不同坐标系统之间的转换关系,分析其中的影响因素,从而实现各类坐标系间的高精度转换,保证测绘成果能够精确地转入目标坐标系下使用,并能够在最大程度上地利用已有测绘成果和资料,在现阶段便具有了重要的理论意义和实用价值。本文从测量坐标系的基本理论出发,介绍了地球椭球的基本概念和我国常用的坐标系,叙述了实现各类坐标系统转换的方法,并重点研究了利用公共点求解坐标转换参数的不同方法。针对最小二乘原理无法有效地抵抗粗差,并经常由于量纲问题产生病态方程的缺点,给出了基于抗差估计的坐标转换参数求解模型和实现了独立解算平移、尺度和旋转参数的解耦算法。根据相关理论,设计完成了一套功能齐全的坐标系统转换软件,可以实现不同形式的坐标转换。软件界面设计简洁友好,操作简单,计算精度能够满足日常测绘工作的要求,并提供了数据库功能和参数设置功能从而能够有效地利用和保留已知信息。结合实例,对软件性能进行测试,验证软件的可行性和准确性。计算最小二乘法与解耦算法的在不同转换方案下的精度,比较两者的优缺点,分析公共点分布及粗差对于求解坐标转换参数的影响,并在此基础上研究抗差估计理论在坐标转换中适用性和局限性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern spatial positioning technology dominated by global navigation and positioning technology, the transformation relationship between different coordinate systems is studied, and the influencing factors are analyzed, so as to realize the high precision transformation between all kinds of coordinate systems. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to ensure that the surveying and mapping results can be accurately transferred to the target coordinate system and that the existing surveying and mapping results and data can be used to the greatest extent. Based on the basic theory of measuring coordinate system, this paper introduces the basic concept of earth ellipsoid and the coordinate system commonly used in our country, and describes the methods to realize the transformation of various coordinate systems. The different methods of solving coordinate transformation parameters by using common points are studied in detail. In view of the fact that the least square principle can not effectively resist gross errors and often produces ill-conditioned equations due to dimensional problems, a coordinate transformation parameter solution model based on robust estimation is given and an independent solution translation is realized. Decoupling algorithm of scale and rotation parameters. According to the related theory, a set of coordinate system conversion software with complete functions is designed and completed, which can realize different forms of coordinate transformation. The software interface design is simple and friendly, the operation is simple, the calculation accuracy can meet the requirements of daily surveying and mapping work, and provides the database function and parameter setting function, so that the known information can be effectively utilized and retained. Combined with an example, the performance of the software is tested to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the software. The accuracy of least square method and decoupling algorithm under different conversion schemes is calculated, their advantages and disadvantages are compared, and the influence of common point distribution and gross error on solving coordinate transformation parameters is analyzed. On this basis, the applicability and limitation of robust estimation theory in coordinate transformation are studied.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P226.3

【参考文献】