基于GIS的北京地区生态风险评价

发布时间：2019-06-08 10:32

【摘要】：生态风险评价是目前环境科学领域的研究重点,而水土流失问题是造成生态风险的主要因素。以生态风险评估理论研究为基础,将该体系按照生态危险性、生态重要性和生态易损性3部分进行分析,以北京市的遥感影像为数据源,同时结合GIS手段,选取多指标,综合分析北京生态风险等级分布,并对各指标因素进行打分,最终得到北京地区生态风险评估图。结果表明:在人口密集区域,由于其与人类活动息息相关,有较高的生态风险等级;总体上看,北京山区北部的生态风险等级要高于南部,西部要高于东部;具有相同生态风险等级的各区域主要风险源不同,但总体上相近地区的主要风险源相同。基于早期的生态风险评估理论,将水土流失问题作为研究重点,克服传统的单因子评价、综合指数评价和生态风险指数评价的不足,构建一种新的生态风险评估方法,为生态风险评估提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:Ecological risk assessment is the research focus in the field of environmental science, and soil and water loss is the main factor causing ecological risk. Based on the theoretical research of ecological risk assessment, the system is analyzed according to three parts: ecological risk, ecological importance and ecological vulnerability. The remote sensing image of Beijing is used as the data source, and the multi-index is selected by means of GIS. The distribution of ecological risk grade in Beijing is comprehensively analyzed, and each index factor is graded, and finally the ecological risk assessment map of Beijing area is obtained. The results show that in the populous area, because it is closely related to human activities, it has a high ecological risk grade, on the whole, the ecological risk grade in the north of Beijing mountainous area is higher than that in the south and the west is higher than that in the east. The main risk sources in each region with the same ecological risk grade are different, but on the whole, the main risk sources in the similar areas are the same. Based on the early ecological risk assessment theory, the problem of soil and water loss is taken as the research focus, and a new ecological risk assessment method is constructed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional single factor evaluation, comprehensive index evaluation and ecological risk index evaluation. It provides a reference for ecological risk assessment.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学水土保持学院;
【基金】：国家林业公益性行业科研专项“基于生态安全的水土保持措施空间配置技术”(201404209)
【分类号】：X826;P208

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