基于多尺度钻孔数据的地层建模关键技术研究

发布时间：2019-06-12 08:31

【摘要】：三维地层建模是地学建模研究的重要内容，而基于主要数据源——钻孔数据的浅表地层三维建模则是其中的热点之一，有着重要的研究价值。本文围绕三维地层建模主题，通过对多尺度钻孔数据的探索性研究，深入剖析了三维模型、空间插值方法及三维GIS开发的技术内涵，以期在三维地层建模上取得一些进展。首先，研究常用的三维模型和地层建模方法，结合现有数据和实际情况，找到适合的建模方法，为三维地层建模提供理论依据。其次，对现有的多尺度钻孔数据进行分类、统计，利用空间探索的方法，，选取用于三维地层建模的钻孔样本集，同时，加入从地质剖面图中提取的虚拟钻孔值，选取常用的空间插值方法对其插值，并从误差对比、回归分析等不同角度来验证最优插值法。再次，构建三维地层模型。选取合适的空间插值方法，运用TIN及Multipatch技术构建西安市三维地层模型。最后，设计并实现了三维地层可视化原型系统，以便集成、分析所建模型。该系统实现了三维场景浏览、空间分析、属性查询等功能，满足了三维地层模型可视化及其应用的基本需求。本文在基于多尺度钻孔数据的三维地层建模一些关键技术探索中取得以下进展： 1、实现地层的划分并引入虚拟钻孔。对三维地层建模而言，地层的划分是钻孔数据预处理的重要依据。而地质剖面图则是地层建模不可或缺的辅助资料，从中提取虚拟钻孔对完善、验证地层建模有重要意义和参考价值。 2、在空间探索基础上选择合适的空间插值方法。本文运用了正态检查、趋势分析、半变异分析探索钻孔样本集，通过常用的几种空间插值方法对钻孔数据插值，经误差检验、回归分析将普通克里格插值法作为地层建模的插值方法。 3、基于钻孔数据完成西安市地层层面三维建模。以每个地层上的离散钻孔点作为数据源，分别建立地层层面模型，再以地层层面模型建立地层模型。 4、基于组件对象技术和TerraDeveloper组件库建立原型系统。设计并实现了三维地层可视化的原型系统，验证了所用方法、再现了建模成果。
[Abstract]:3D formation modeling is an important part of geological modeling, and 3D modeling of shallow strata based on drilling data, which is the main data source, is one of the hotspots, which has important research value. In this paper, focusing on the theme of 3D formation modeling, through the exploratory study of multi-scale drilling data, the technical connotation of 3D model, spatial interpolation method and 3D GIS development is deeply analyzed in order to make some progress in 3D formation modeling. Firstly, the commonly used 3D model and formation modeling method are studied, and the suitable modeling method is found according to the existing data and actual situation, which provides the theoretical basis for 3D formation modeling. Secondly, the existing multi-scale drilling data are classified, statistically, and the drilling sample set for 3D formation modeling is selected by using the method of spatial exploration. At the same time, the virtual drilling value extracted from the geological profile is added, and the commonly used spatial interpolation methods are selected to interpolation it, and the optimal interpolation method is verified from different angles such as error comparison, regression analysis and so on. Thirdly, the three-dimensional formation model is constructed. The suitable spatial interpolation method is selected and TIN and Multipatch techniques are used to construct the three-dimensional formation model of Xi'an City. Finally, a 3D formation visualization prototype system is designed and implemented to integrate and analyze the model. The system realizes the functions of 3D scene browsing, spatial analysis, attribute query and so on, and meets the basic requirements of visualization and application of 3D formation model. In this paper, the following progress has been made in the exploration of some key technologies of 3D formation modeling based on multi-scale drilling data: 1, the division of strata is realized and virtual drilling is introduced. For 3D formation modeling, formation division is an important basis for drilling data preprocessing. The geological profile is an indispensable auxiliary data for formation modeling, from which it is of great significance and reference value to extract virtual boreholes for perfection and verification of formation modeling. 2. On the basis of spatial exploration, the appropriate spatial interpolation method is selected. In this paper, normal inspection, trend analysis and semi-variation analysis are used to explore the sample set of boreholes. Several commonly used spatial interpolation methods are used to interpolation drilling data. Through error test and regression analysis, the ordinary Kriging interpolation method is used as the interpolation method of formation modeling. 3. Based on the drilling data, the 3D modeling of Xi'an formation level is completed. Taking the discrete drilling points on each formation as the data source, the formation level model is established separately, and then the formation level model is established with the formation level model. 4. The prototype system is established based on component object technology and TerraDeveloper component library. The prototype system of 3D formation visualization is designed and implemented, the method used is verified, and the modeling results are reproduced.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P53

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