基于GPS测定海洋分潮方法研究

发布时间：2019-06-15 18:21

【摘要】：随着GPS技术的日益成熟和深入应用，逐渐派生出许多新的交叉学科和前沿研究方向。利用GPS信号中海洋潮汐负荷响应，研究海洋潮汐特性和特征信息的提取方法，是GPS技术与潮汐科学的结合，，对丰富海洋潮汐观测手段具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。本文研究了中国沿海典型GPS站位的海潮负荷特性及其模型差异。利用全球海潮模型FES2004、GOT4.7和NAO.99b研究了海潮负荷对成山头、平潭、遮浪和西沙四个国家海洋局GPS观测站位移的影响，结果表明在沿海地区海潮负荷对单点定位的影响达到厘米级，在西沙甚至达到3cm。此外，通过对三种海潮模型计算结果的对比分析可知，NAO.99b海潮模型最适用于我国沿海地区。基于GPS精密单点定位（PPP）的算法和相关软件，利用国家海洋局在沿海布设的GPS长期观测站的观测数据，通过解算各观测站每小时的动态位置，然后对站址位置坐标进行频谱分析，获取了成山头站、平潭站、闸坡站的K1、O1、P1、Q1、M2、S2、N2、K2分潮特征值。为评价GPS测定海潮负荷位移参数的精度和可靠性，将其结果与最新的海潮模型FES2004、NAO.99b、GOT4.7进行了比较。研究表明：除S2、K2、K1，GPS反演的估值和GOT4.7、NAO.99b模型的海潮位移参数吻合的相对较好；K1、K2、S2与海潮模型间的吻合效果不好，其原因有待进一步研究。结果也表明利用GPS反演海潮这种新方法在理论上是可行的。它不仅为海洋潮汐监测提供新的观测方法，也能标定并修正全球海潮负荷模型，同时也为中国近海GPS精确定位提供精密的海潮负荷改正，具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。
[Abstract]:With the increasing maturity and in-depth application of GPS technology, many new interdisciplinary and frontier research directions have been gradually derived. It is the combination of GPS technology and tidal science to study the extraction method of ocean tidal characteristics and characteristic information by using the response of ocean tidal load in GPS signal. It is of great scientific significance and application value to enrich the means of ocean tidal observation. In this paper, the tidal load characteristics and model differences of typical GPS stations along the coast of China are studied. The effects of tidal load on the displacement of GPS observation stations in Shantou, Pingtan, Chuan and Xisha are studied by using the global tide model FES2004,GOT4.7 and NAO.99b. The results show that the influence of tidal load on single point positioning in coastal areas is up to centimeter level, and even 3cm in Xisha. In addition, through the comparative analysis of the calculation results of three kinds of tide models, it can be seen that NAO.99b tide model is most suitable for coastal areas of China. Based on the algorithm and related software of GPS precise single point positioning (PPP), using the observation data of GPS long-term observation station set up by the State Oceanic Administration along the coast, the hourly dynamic position of each observation station is calculated, and then the frequency spectrum analysis of the location coordinates of the station is carried out, and the K _ 1, O _ 1, P _ 1, Q _ 1, M _ 2, N _ 2, K _ 2 characteristic values of Chengshantou station, Pingtan station and sluice slope station are obtained. In order to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of GPS in measuring tidal load displacement parameters, the results are compared with the latest tidal model FES2004,NAO.99b,GOT4.7. The results show that except S2, K2, K1, the estimation of GOT4.7,NAO.99b inversion is in good agreement with the tidal displacement parameters of GPS model, and the coincidence effect between K2, S2 and tide model is not good, and the reason needs to be further studied. The results also show that the new method of ocean tide inversion by GPS is feasible in theory. It not only provides a new observation method for ocean tide monitoring, but also calibrates and modifies the global tidal load model, and also provides precise tidal load correction for the accurate positioning of GPS in offshore China, which is of great scientific significance and practical value.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋局第一海洋研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4;P731.23

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