基于地理国情普查的湖北省绿色空间研究

发布时间：2019-06-17 12:06

【摘要】：伴随着经济迅猛发展,生活水平不断提升,大众对高质量的城市环境的需求也越来越多。探究湖北省绿色空间,分析城市化背景下绿色空间分配的合理性,为科学布局绿色空间,实现城市社会、经济和生态互动协调发展提供指导性建议。本文以地理国情普查中的地表覆盖数据为主要数据源,辅以湖北省统计年鉴中的常住人口数据,提取出本文研究所需要的绿色空间信息,并参考国内外的相关标准,建立起符合省情的绿色空间分类指标体系,采用景观格局指数法、基尼系数法和泰尔指数法,从省级层面、分区层以及三大主体功能区层面,探究湖北省景观空间分异特征,再进一步剖析绿色空间与人口的匹配性及环境正义问题,并在此基础上分析出绿色空间存在的问题并给出相应的对策。主要研究内容和结论如下:(1)绿色空间信息提取和分类体系建立。绿色空间数据主要源于地理国情普查数据库中的地表覆盖数据,采用Geoway和ArcGIS软件相结合的数据处理方法,人工分类和内外业相结合方式以及就近就大原则。然后参考国内外有关绿色空间分类标准建立起湖北省绿色空间的分类体系。结论表明这样处理数据可以保障数据的准确性和实用性,以便准确地提取绿色空间信息,建立符合省情的绿色空间分类体系,为科学进行绿色空间探究奠定基础。(2)绿色空间景观格局分析。一是通过统计绿色空间的斑块数量、斑块面积、面积占比等,分析湖北省绿色空间的总体特征以及不同景观类别特征。二是通过采用景观指数法,计算出景观的多样性、异质性、集聚性以及破碎性,探讨湖北省绿色空间景观空间分异规律。结论表明湖北省绿色空间资源总量较大,类型较丰富,具有一定的空间分异特征,湖北省绿色空间总面积为175038.68km2,最大优势景观类型是林地,集中分布在十堰及神农架区域,江汉平原较少;最小的是园地,主要分布在宜昌、黄冈区域;耕地景观集中分布在江汉平原,武汉市、黄石市区域较少;鄂北岗地、幕阜山区草地占比较高,秦巴山区、神农架林区和宜荆荆地区草地占比较低;长江中游沿岸县市区水域占比较高,大别山、幕阜山等区域,水域占比较低。巫山、大巴山、武当山、桐柏山、大别山、幕阜山等丘陵区域,绿色空间景观的多样性较大,均匀度指数较大,优势度较小,集聚性相对较差;中南部江汉平原等平原区域,绿色空间景观的多样性较低,均匀度较低,优势度较大,集聚性相对较好。(3)绿色空间与人口匹配性研究。综合采用基尼系数法和泰尔指数法,建立分析模型,借用GIS进行可视化表达,全面分析湖北省绿色空间资源与人口匹配性和绿色资源配置特征。结论表明湖北省绿色空间-人口总体上比较匹配,绿色空间资源分配的公平性较好,但就分区来看绿色空间资源与人口还存在不匹配性和不公平性,武汉城市圈大部分地区的绿色空间资源与人口匹配性较差,尤其是武汉市。分区之间的绿色空间资源的配置差异性较大,差异的主要贡献区域来自十堰及神农架、恩施、武汉、宜昌、襄阳区域。(4)绿色空间存在问题及对策分析。一是资源分布破碎性较大;二是绿色空间资源与人口匹配不合理。建议通过重构绿色空间格局,增加绿色空间的连续性以及依据人口密度均衡布局绿色空间等措施来加以改善。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economy, the living standards are rising, and the demand for the high-quality urban environment is increasing. The paper probes into the green space of Hubei province, analyzes the rationality of the green space distribution in the background of urbanization, and provides a guiding suggestion for the scientific layout of green space and realizing the coordinated development of urban social, economic and ecological interaction. In this paper, the data of the surface covering in the general survey of the geographical conditions is used as the main data source, supplemented by the data of the resident population in the statistical yearbook of Hubei Province, the green space information required by the research institute is extracted, and reference is made to the relevant standards at home and abroad. The paper sets up a green space classification index system which is in conformity with the provincial situation, and uses the landscape pattern index method, the Gini coefficient method and the Terre Index method to explore the spatial differentiation characteristics of the landscape in Hubei from the aspects of the provincial level, the partition level and the three main functional areas. The matching of the green space and the population and the environmental justice are further analyzed, and the problems existing in the green space are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures are given. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) The establishment of green space information extraction and classification system. The green space data is mainly from the data of the surface covering in the data base of the geographical conditions, and the data processing method, the combination of the method of data processing, the combination of the artificial classification and the internal and external industries, and the near-large principle are used in combination with the Goway and the ArcGIS software. Then, the classification system of the green space of Hubei province is set up with reference to the relevant green space classification standard at home and abroad. The conclusion shows that the data can guarantee the accuracy and practicability of the data, so that the green space information can be extracted accurately, and the green space classification system is established, which lays the foundation for the scientific research of the green space. (2) Analysis of the landscape pattern of green space. The first is to analyze the overall characteristics of the green space in Hubei and the characteristics of different landscape categories by counting the number of patches, the area of the plaque and the area ratio of the green space. The second is to study the spatial differentiation of the green space in Hubei province by using the landscape index method to calculate the diversity, heterogeneity, aggregation and fragmentation of the landscape. The results show that the total amount of green space resources in Hubei Province is large, the type is rich, it has a certain spatial differentiation characteristic, the total area of the green space in Hubei Province is 175038.68 km2, the most dominant landscape type is the forest land, the concentrated distribution is in the area of Shiyan and Shennongjia, and the Jianghan Plain is less; the smallest is the garden, The main distribution is in the area of Yichang and Huanggang; the landscape of cultivated land is distributed in Jianghan Plain, Wuhan and Huangshi City. The water area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively high, and the water area is relatively low. Wushan, Dabashan, Wudang Mountain, Tongbai Mountain, Dabie Mountain, Tent Fushan and other hills, the diversity of the green space landscape is large, the evenness index is large, the advantage is small, the cluster is relatively poor, the diversity of the green space landscape is low in the plain area of the south-central Jianghan Plain and the like, The uniformity is low, the advantages are large, and the clustering property is relatively good. (3) The study of green space and population matching. Based on the Gini coefficient method and the Terre Index method, the analytical model is established, and the GIS is used for visualization and expression, and the characteristics of the green space resource and the population matching and the green resource allocation in Hubei Province are comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the green space-population of Hubei province is more and more matched, and the fairness of green space resource allocation is good. The green space resources in most parts of Wuhan city circle have poor matching with the population, especially in Wuhan. The difference of the green space resources between the partitions is large. The main contribution area of the difference is from Shiyan and Shennongjia, Enshi, Wuhan, Yichang, and Yang-yang. (4) The problem of green space and the countermeasure analysis. First, the distribution of resources is large, and the second is that the resource of green space and the population match are not reasonable. It is suggested that the green space pattern should be reconstructed, the continuity of the green space can be increased, and the green space and other measures should be improved according to the density of the population.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P205

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