新型铜系催化材料的构建及其催化性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 18:48

  本文选题：铜系催化剂　切入点：表面活性剂　出处：《中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所)》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着工业技术的发展和生产规模的扩大,我国新增的工业废水量日益增多,其中有机印染废水量占总废水量的10%左右,每年大约有数亿吨的印染废水被排入我们周围的水环境中。现阶段印染废水的处理方法主要有吸附法、电化学法、微生物法等。然而,以上方法均在一定程度上存在成本高、选择性差、广适性差、环境条件敏感等劣势。而催化剂具有成本低、降解效率高等优势,被广泛采用于有机染料污染的处理。尤其铜系催化剂,因具有环境友好、价格低廉、毒性低、配体简单等优点,受到科研人员的高度关注,应用Cu盐进行催化化学反应目前是一个热门领域。结合学科组在环境修复领域和新型材料领域的基础,拟开展用于治理染料污染的铜系催化剂材料的研究。作者合成了一系列经过表面活性剂前处理的Cu_2(OH)PO_4催化剂,并将其用于催化降解亚甲基蓝溶液。用该催化剂降解亚甲基蓝,8 h后溶液中总有机碳下降至5%,且染料被完全矿化。实验证明,经复合表面活性剂(阴离子表面活性剂(SDBS)与中性表面活性剂(PVP)的共同作用)前处理的Cu_2(OH)PO_4催化剂具有更小的尺寸,更大的比表面积,更高催化效率。在铜的结晶过程中,溶液中铜离子与阴离子表面活性剂以及中性表面活性剂共同作用。带正电的铜离子与带负电的阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)发生螯合作用,形成螯合铜离子,并在铜离子周围形成分隔层。同时,中性表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)分散了溶液中的螯合铜离子。铜离子的分散使得Cu_2(OH)PO_4催化剂颗粒变小,表面沟壑增多,因此S@P-Cu_2(OH)PO_4的比表面积显著增大,从而增加了催化剂与溶液中染料亚甲基蓝的接触面积,使得催化剂降解亚甲基蓝效率显著提高。同时,作者合成了新型光催化材料Cu_2MoS_4/RGO,并将其应用于对染料的光催化降解。其最佳条件下的光催化反应有较高的对亚甲基蓝的降解效率。本论文的研究成果,揭示了两种铜系催化剂的特性及催化降解有机污染物特性的差异,可为铜系催化剂法在污水处理中的应用提供一定的理论指导。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrial technology and the expansion of production scale, the new industrial waste water in China is increasing day by day, among which organic printing and dyeing waste water accounts for about 10% of the total waste water. Hundreds of millions of tons of printing and dyeing wastewater are discharged into our surrounding water environment every year. At this stage, the main treatment methods of printing and dyeing wastewater are adsorption, electrochemistry, microorganism and so on. However, to some extent, these methods have high cost. Because of its advantages of low cost and high degradation efficiency, the catalyst is widely used in the treatment of organic dye pollution, especially copper catalyst, because of its environmental friendliness and low price. Due to the advantages of low toxicity and simple ligand, the application of Cu salt in catalytic chemical reaction is a hot field. A series of Cu_2(OH)PO_4 catalysts which have been pretreated by surfactants have been synthesized. It was used to catalyze the degradation of methylene blue solution. After 8 h degradation of methylene blue, the total organic carbon in the solution was reduced to 5%, and the dye was completely mineralized. The Cu_2(OH)PO_4 catalyst pretreated with composite surfactant (anionic surfactant SDBS and neutral surfactant) has smaller size, larger specific surface area and higher catalytic efficiency. In solution, copper ions interact with anionic surfactants and neutral surfactants. Copper ions with positive charge chelate with anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) with negative charge to form chelate copper ions. At the same time, neutral surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) dispersed the chelate copper ions in the solution. The dispersion of copper ions made the particles of Cu_2(OH)PO_4 catalyst smaller and the surface gullies increased. Therefore, the specific surface area of S@P-Cu_2(OH)PO_4 increased significantly, which increased the contact area between the catalyst and the dye methylene blue in the solution. A new photocatalytic material CuS _ 2MoS _ 4 / R _ (GOO) was synthesized and applied to photocatalytic degradation of dyes. The photocatalytic reaction under the optimum conditions has higher degradation efficiency of methylene blue. The differences of the characteristics of the two kinds of copper catalysts and the catalytic degradation of organic pollutants are revealed, which can provide some theoretical guidance for the application of copper catalyst in wastewater treatment.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X791;O643.3
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本文编号：1659568