新疆地区奶类、蛋类中全氟烷基类化合物的污染水平研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 22:32

  本文选题：全氟烷基类化合物　切入点：奶　出处：《石河子大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：全氟烷基类化合物(PFASs)在人体内不易降解和代谢,一定剂量下即表现出多种毒性效应,对人体产生一定的伤害。人体暴露PFASs的途径有多种,而动物源性食品是主要的贡献者。因此,本研究建立了奶类、蛋类食品中PFASs的检测分析方法,采用该方法研究了新疆产地奶类(牛奶和酸奶)和蛋类(鸡蛋、鸭蛋、鹅蛋和鹌鹑蛋)中PFASs的污染水平和分布特征,并对当地居民的健康风险进行了初步评估。主要研究结果如下:运用固相萃取结合高效液相色谱串联质谱技术(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)建立了奶样、蛋样中PFASs的分析方法。对色谱质谱条件进行了优化,选择C18色谱柱,流动相为10 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液和乙腈溶液。优化了前处理条件,对于奶样,对比了不同提取溶剂、超声时间、提取次数和固相萃取小柱对奶样中全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的提取效果,结果发现,选择甲醇溶剂提取,超声时间为40 min,对样品中目标物提取两次,提取液经HLB SPE小柱富集净化,目标物可以获得较好的回收。对于蛋样,优化了提取方法和固相萃取小柱,结果发现,采用离子对液液萃取法提取蛋样中13种PFASs,选择WAX对提取液进行净化,13种PFASs的回收率好。对分析方法的评价和验证发现,每种方法均表现出良好的精密度和准确度,方法可靠,能满足奶类、蛋类中PFASs分析测试的要求。调查了新疆七个产地市售牛奶、酸奶中PFOA和PFOS的污染情况,并估算了通过牛奶对PFASs的平均日摄入量(ADI)。结果发现,仅有部分样品检出PFOA和PFOS,且PFOS在牛奶和酸奶中的平均浓度(24.5和31.8 ng/L)和检出率(39.6%和48.1%)均略高于PFOA(33.0%和37.0%;16.2和22.6 ng/L);北疆产地奶样中PFOA和PFOS的含量高于南疆;基于牛奶中PFOA和PFOS的浓度值和当地居民对牛奶的日摄入量数据,得出新疆成年人通过牛奶对PFOA和PFOS的ADI分别为0.021和0.032 ng/kg/day;以危害因子的值初步评估健康风险,结果表明,通过牛奶摄入的PFOA和PFOS不会对当地人群的健康造成潜在危害。研究了13种PFASs在新疆产地蛋类中的污染水平和分布特征。结果发现,鸡蛋中共检出11种PFASs,全氟戊酸(PFPeA)、全氟己酸(PFHxA)、PFOA、PFOS、全氟壬酸(PFNA)和全氟十一酸(PFUdA)为主要检出物,其中PFPeA的平均浓度最高(0.141 ng/g),鸡蛋中PFASs的组成呈中短链大于长链的分布;乌鲁木齐的鸡蛋样品中∑PFASs的含量最高(0.644 ng/g),焉耆最低(0.203 ng/g);石河子地区4种禽蛋的PFASs存在情况调查发现,鸭蛋中∑PFASs的含量最高(0.417 ng/g),PFOS在每种禽蛋的蛋黄中均有检出,在所有蛋清样品中均无检出;通过消费鸡蛋而摄入PFASs的人体健康风险评价结果表明:鸡蛋中PFASs的浓度不会对当地人群的健康产生即时危害。
[Abstract]:Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFASs) are difficult to degrade and metabolize in human body. At a certain dose, PFASs exhibit a variety of toxic effects and cause certain harm to human body. There are many ways to expose human body to PFASs. Therefore, a method for the detection and analysis of PFASs in dairy and egg foods was established, which was used to study milk (milk and yoghurt) and eggs (eggs, duck eggs) in Xinjiang. The pollution level and distribution characteristics of PFASs in goose eggs and quail eggs) were preliminarily evaluated. The main results were as follows: SPE-HPLC-MS / MS was used to establish milk samples. The analysis method of PFASs in egg sample. The chromatography-mass spectrometry conditions were optimized, the C18 column was selected, the mobile phase was 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution and acetonitrile solution. The pretreatment conditions were optimized. For milk sample, different extraction solvent and ultrasonic time were compared. Extraction times and solid phase extraction columns were used to extract PFOAA and PFOSfrom milk samples. The results showed that the extraction time of methanol was 40 min, and the extraction time of the target was twice. The extraction solution was enriched and purified by HLB SPE column, and the target material could be recovered well. For egg sample, the extraction method and solid phase extraction column were optimized, and the results showed that, Thirteen kinds of PFASs from egg samples were extracted by ion-pair liquid-liquid extraction method, and 13 kinds of PFASs were purified by WAX. The evaluation and verification of the analytical methods showed that each method showed good precision and accuracy, and the method was reliable. It can meet the requirement of PFASs analysis and test in milk and eggs. The pollution of PFOA and PFOS in milk and yoghurt from seven producing areas in Xinjiang was investigated, and the average daily intake of PFASs was estimated through milk. Only some samples detected PFOA and PFOS.The average concentrations of PFOS in milk and yoghurt were 24.5 and 31.8 ng / L) and the detectable rates were 39.6% and 48.1%), which were slightly higher than those of PFOAA 33.0%, 37.0g / L and 22.6ngL / L, and the contents of PFOA and PFOS in milk samples from northern Xinjiang were higher than those from southern Xinjiang. Based on the concentration of PFOA and PFOS in milk and the daily intake of milk from local residents, the ADI values of PFOA and PFOS in Xinjiang adults were 0.021 and 0.032 ng / kg / day, respectively. Milk intake of PFOA and PFOS did not cause potential harm to the health of local population. The pollution level and distribution characteristics of 13 kinds of PFASs in eggs from Xinjiang were studied. A total of 11 species of PFASs, perfluoropentanoic acid (PFP), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFH XA), PFOAA (PFOS) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFU DA) were detected in eggs. The highest average concentration of PFPeA was 0.141 ng / g / g, and the composition of PFASs in eggs was larger than that of long chain. In Urumqi egg samples, 鈭，

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