二氯甲烷萃取油砂沥青工艺研究和工程设计

发布时间：2018-04-07 15:33

  本文选题：非常规能源　切入点：油砂　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了缓解全球范围内的能源危机,学者们一直在不断地探索寻求传统石化能源的替代品,其中油砂这种非常规能源引起了学术界的广泛关注。然而,目前还没有一种行之有效且环境友好的方法来分离油砂沥青,每种分离方法都在具备自身优点的同时,存在其难以克服的缺点,每种分离方法都有待进一步研究和开发。有机溶剂萃取油砂沥青方法具有节约水资源、节约热能、成本低等优点,存在毒性大、易污染、不易安全生产等缺点。本文针对有机溶剂萃取油砂分离沥青方法的缺点,对其进行进一步的研究和开发。首先对内蒙古油砂和新疆油砂的含油率和粒径分布等指标做了分析,研究其可开采价值;其次依据相似相溶原则,用极性较强的二氯甲烷萃取极性组分多的内蒙古油砂,用二氯甲烷-石油醚混合溶剂萃取极性组分和非极性组分相当的新疆油砂,对两种油砂的萃取条件进行了优化。最后以有机溶剂回收再利用的理念设计工艺流程,有效地克服了有机溶剂萃取分离油砂沥青方法毒性大、易污染、不易安全生产等缺点。本文运用Dean-stark抽提法分别测得内蒙古油砂含油率为10.08%,新疆油砂含油率为15.88%,均属于富油油砂矿,利用筛分称重的方法分别测得内蒙古油砂砂粒粒径在44μm以下占0.65%,新疆油砂砂粒粒径在44μm以下占1.9%,均未超过5%,内蒙古油砂和新疆油砂均具有很高的开采价值。本文先后利用正交实验法和单因素控制变量法分别对内蒙古油砂和新疆油砂的萃取过程进行优化。萃取5 g内蒙古油砂的最佳萃取条件为,温度25℃、30 mL二氯甲烷溶剂、充分搅拌30 min、静置20 min、采用类逆流萃取方法,得到油砂沥青萃取率为83.02%,残砂残留萃取液1 m L其中的沥青占含油量的2.86%。萃取5 g新疆油砂的最佳条件为室温25℃、二氯甲烷(V)∶石油醚(V)=3∶2、混合溶剂量35 m L、充分搅拌15 min、静置20 min,得到油砂沥青萃取率为90.55%,残砂残留萃取液1.1 mL其中的沥青占含油量的3.21%。本文以年产1000吨的油砂沥青为设计目标,分别做出内蒙古油砂沥青和新疆油砂沥青生产工艺的PID图,基于Aspen Plus对生产工艺中的精馏工段进行了计算机模拟,确定各个精馏塔的设备参数和操作参数,对生产工艺中的吸附-脱附分离工段也做出了设计和计算,计算出吸附剂的用量。最后,对两项化工设计做出了经济指标估算,年产1000吨内蒙古油砂沥青项目总投资200.84万元,年产1000吨新疆油砂沥青项目总投资317.8万元。在当前原油价格为60美元/桶情况下,以上两项化工设计均不具备经济可行性,但当油价上涨到87美元/桶以上时,年产1000吨内蒙古油砂沥青项目为盈利状态,且投资回收期小于化工行业的平均回收期9~11年,该项目具有经济可行性,当油价上涨到89美元/桶以上时,年产1000吨新疆油砂沥青项目为盈利状态,且投资回收期小于化工行业的平均回收期9~11年,该项目具有经济可行性。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the global energy crisis, scholars have been looking for alternatives to traditional fossil energy, among which oil sands, as an unconventional energy, have attracted extensive attention in academic circles.However, there is not an effective and environmentally friendly method to separate oil sand asphalt. Each separation method has its own advantages and has its own shortcomings, and each separation method needs further research and development.The method of oil sand bitumen extraction by organic solvent has the advantages of saving water resources, saving heat energy and low cost, and has the disadvantages of high toxicity, easy pollution, and not easy to produce safely.In view of the disadvantages of oil sand separating asphalt by organic solvent extraction, the further research and development are carried out in this paper.Firstly, the oil content and particle size distribution of Inner Mongolia oil sand and Xinjiang oil sand were analyzed, and the recoverable value was studied. Secondly, according to the principle of similarity phase solution, the inner Mongolia oil sand with more polar components was extracted by dichloromethane with strong polarity.Xinjiang oil sands with the same polar and non-polar components were extracted by mixed solvent of dichloromethane and petroleum ether. The extraction conditions of the two kinds of oil sands were optimized.Finally, the process flow is designed with the concept of organic solvent recovery and reuse, which effectively overcomes the disadvantages of organic solvent extraction and separation of bitumen from oil sand, such as high toxicity, easy to pollute, and not easy to produce safely.In this paper, the oil content of Inner Mongolia oil sand and Xinjiang oil sand is 10.08 and 15.88, respectively, which are all oil-rich sands.In this paper, the extraction process of oil sand in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang is optimized by orthogonal experiment method and single factor control variable method respectively.The optimum extraction conditions of 5 g Inner Mongolia oil sand were as follows: temperature 25 鈩，

本文编号：1719787