基于石墨烯—铂纳米杂化材料电化学检测双酚A和N-亚硝胺

发布时间：2018-05-13 22:36

本文选题：铂纳米粒子 + 石墨烯　；参考：《山西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济发展,进入环境的污染物也越来越多,其中的酚类污染物和亚硝胺类污染物都是对人有致癌作用的小分子有机污染物。传统的检测方法(HPLC、GC、GC-MS、LC-MS等)虽然具有精确、自动化等优点,但往往需要复杂的样品前处理,且成本高、耗时长。电化学传感器可以克服上述缺点,具有操作简便、耗时短、成本低、灵敏度高等优点,近年来在环境污染物检测方面的应用越来越广泛。而石墨烯自2004年发现以来已经广泛用于电化学传感器的构建。本论文基于石墨烯-铂纳米杂化材料构建了检测双酚A和N-亚硝基二苯胺的电化学传感器。本论文主要研究内容如下:(1)通过简单的湿化学方法成功合成了七-(2,3,6-三-O-甲基)-β-环糊精功能化的石墨烯/铂纳米粒子(TM-β-CD-Gr/PtNPs)。这一新的纳米材料不仅具有Gr/PtNPs的优越性能(大的比表面积、高的导电性和优越的催化能力),同时具有环糊精的独特性质(超分子识别和富集能力),并在电化学检测双酚A方面具有显著的协同作用。基于上述优点,构建了一个具有高灵敏度的检测双酚A的电化学传感器。与Gr/PtNPs/GCE和TM-β-CD-Gr/GCE相比,双酚A的氧化峰电流在TM-β-CD-Gr/PtNPs/GCE上显著增强。在最优条件下,双酚A的峰电流与其浓度呈线性关系。其线性范围为:5.0×10-8-8.0×10-5 mol L-1,检出限为1.5×10-8 mol L-1(信噪比为3)。该传感器简便且性价比高,以后有望应用于环境污染物中酚类污染物的痕量检测。(2)通过简单的湿化学方法成功合成了聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)固定的石墨烯/铂纳米粒子(PDDA-Gr/PtNPs)。这一新的纳米材料具有Gr/PtNPs的优越性能(大的比表面积、高的导电性和优越的催化能力),并在电化学检测NDPhA方面具有显著的协同作用。基于上述优点,构建了一个具有高灵敏度的检测NDPhA的电化学传感器。与裸电极和PDDA-Gr/GCE相比,NDPhA的氧化峰电流在PDDA-Gr/PtNPs/GCE上显著增强。在最优条件下,NDPhA的峰电流与其浓度呈线性关系。其线性范围为:1.0×10-7-5.0×10-5 mol L-1,检出限为3.3×10-8 mol L-1(信噪比为3)。该传感器简便且性价比高,以后有望应用于环境污染物中亚硝胺类污染物的痕量检测。(3)简单总结了本论文所做的工作,指出了目前工作中存在的问题并提出了可能的解决方案,并对电化学传感器在环境污染物检测中的应用进行了展望。
[Abstract]:With the development of the economy, there are more and more pollutants entering the environment, of which phenolic and nitrosamines are small molecular organic pollutants that have carcinogenic effects. The traditional methods of detection (HPLC, GC, GC-MS, LC-MS, etc.) have the advantages of precision and automation, but they often need complex sample pretreatment and high cost. The electrochemical sensor can overcome the disadvantages mentioned above. It has the advantages of simple operation, short time, low cost and high sensitivity. In recent years, the application of the electrochemical sensor has become more and more widely used in environmental pollution detection. Since the discovery of graphene since 2004, it has been widely used in the construction of electrochemical sensing devices. This paper is based on graphene platinum nanohybrid. The electrochemical sensors for the detection of bisphenol A and N- nitroso two aniline are constructed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the graphene / platinum nanoparticles (TM- beta -CD-Gr/ PtNPs) of seven - (2,3,6- three -O- methyl) - beta cyclodextrin (TM- beta -CD-Gr/ PtNPs) have been successfully synthesized by a simple wet chemical method. This new nanomaterial not only has the advantage of Gr/PtNPs. The more performance (large specific surface area, high conductivity and superior catalytic ability), and the unique properties of cyclodextrin (supramolecular recognition and enrichment), and a remarkable synergy in the electrochemical detection of bisphenol A. Based on the above advantages, a high sensitivity electrochemical sensor for the detection of bisphenol A was constructed. And Gr/Pt Compared with TM- beta -CD-Gr/GCE, the peak current of the oxidation of bisphenol A increased significantly on TM- beta -CD-Gr/PtNPs/GCE. Under optimal conditions, the peak current of bisphenol A has a linear relationship with its concentration. Its linear range is 5 * 10-8-8.0 x 10-5 mol L-1, the detection limit is 1.5 * 10-8 mol L-1 (signal-to-noise ratio is 3). The sensor is simple and cost-effective, and then has a high performance price ratio. It is expected to be used for trace detection of phenolic pollutants in environmental pollutants. (2) the graphene / platinum nanoparticles (PDDA-Gr/PtNPs) fixed by polydiallyl two methyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) have been successfully synthesized by simple wet chemical method. This new nanomaterial has the superior properties of Gr/PtNPs (large specific surface area, high conductivity and superior). Catalytic ability), and has significant synergy in the electrochemical detection of NDPhA. Based on the above advantages, an electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity for detecting NDPhA is constructed. Compared with the bare electrode and PDDA-Gr/GCE, the peak current of the oxidation peak of NDPhA is significantly enhanced on PDDA-Gr/PtNPs/GCE. Under the optimal condition, the peak current of NDPhA and its concentration are concentrated. The linear range is: 1 x 10-7-5.0 x 10-5 mol L-1, the detection limit is 3.3 * 10-8 mol L-1 (signal-to-noise ratio is 3). The sensor is simple and cost-effective, and is expected to be applied to the trace detection of nitnoamine pollutants in environmental pollutants. (3) the work done in this paper is briefly summarized, and the existing work is pointed out. The possible solutions were proposed, and the application of electrochemical sensors in environmental pollutants detection was prospected.

【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O657.1;X830

【参考文献】