水中重金属离子吸附材料的研究现状与发展趋势

发布时间：2018-06-02 14:04

本文选题：重金属 + 水污染　；参考：《建筑科学与工程学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：系统介绍了无机吸附材料(碳质类、矿物类、金属氧化物类)、有机高分子吸附材料(纤维素、壳聚糖、农林废弃物、离子交换树脂等)和复合型吸附材料(有机/有机型、无机/无机型、有机/无机型)等重金属离子吸附材料的物化特性和结构特点,对上述材料去除水体典型重金属离子的吸附容量、吸附机理、工程应用进展等进行了综述。阐述了纳米材料、离子选择性材料和可降解生物质材料等新型重金属离子吸附材料的研究现状及发展趋势。结果表明:开发价格低廉、吸附容量高、选择性高、可再生且环境友好的吸附材料是重金属离子吸附研究的重要方向;结合现代化检测技术和分析手段,探索吸附过程中吸附剂与重金属离子间相互作用的本质,对于拓展吸附机理和开发性能优良的吸附材料具有重要的理论和实际意义。
[Abstract]:Inorganic adsorption materials (carbon, minerals, metal oxides), organic polymer adsorbents (cellulose, chitosan, agricultural and forestry wastes, ion exchange resins, etc.) and composite adsorption materials (organic / available) are systematically introduced. The physical and chemical characteristics and structural characteristics of heavy metal ion adsorption materials such as inorganic / non-model organic / non-type) are reviewed. The adsorption capacity adsorption mechanism and engineering application progress of the above materials for removing typical heavy metal ions from water body are reviewed. The research status and development trend of new heavy metal ion adsorption materials, such as nanomaterials, ion-selective materials and biodegradable biomass materials, are reviewed. The results show that the development of low cost, high adsorption capacity, high selectivity, renewable and environmentally friendly adsorption materials is an important direction of heavy metal ion adsorption, combined with modern detection technology and analytical means, It is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the nature of the interaction between adsorbent and heavy metal ions in the process of adsorption.
【作者单位】：湖南大学土木工程学院;湖南大学建筑安全与节能教育部重点实验室;
【分类号】：O647.33;X52

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