基于DNA分子的微纳米材料的构建和应用

发布时间：2018-06-08 01:02

本文选题：DNA水凝胶 + DNA折纸　；参考：《中国科学院研究生院(上海应用物理研究所)》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)是生物细胞内发挥遗传作用的分子,具有碱基互补配对的特点,两条互补的DNA单链可以通过碱基配对形成双链结构。DNA分子具有的这种特异性的识别和自组装能力,以及序列可编程性的特点,使其成为一种非常优秀的微纳米结构的构建材料,近几十年来被广泛应用到微纳米研究中。本文基于DNA分子自组装的特性,将其作为微纳米构建材料,在以下三个方向作了探索:1.设计构建了一种基于分叉型D NA链式杂交反应的生长可控型水凝胶。D NA分子有两个特点,一个特点是D NA分子具有的自组装能力,另外一个特点是DNA分子具有的序列可编程性。D NA分子通过自下而上的自组装,可以形成宏观D NA水凝胶。传统制备D NA水凝胶一般是均相杂交合成方法,对于凝胶形成过程缺乏控制。我们设计出一种分叉型D NA链式杂交反应,来可控地形成D NA水凝胶。这个反应首先需要加入引发链来触发,杂交反应被触发后可以不断级联反应下去,最后形成三维D NA网络的水凝胶。我们可以通过引发链和反应时间来控制成胶过程,并可以通过浓度来控制D NA凝胶强度。我们进一步将引发链排布在芯片表面,由引发链引发表面成胶反应,最终无需外加模具就可以构建出不同的二维D NA水凝胶图案。2.以D NA折纸为模板原位生长纳米线路图案。D NA分子的两个特点,即自组装和序列可编程性,最成功应用之一是D NA折纸术。D NA折纸是通过设计D NA链间杂交关系,利用一组D NA短链,像订书钉一样将一条长单链D NA缝合起来,自组装形成二维或者三维的D NA纳米结构。我们通过将特定位置的订书钉链序列延长,经过退火自组装形成D NA折纸后,延伸的单链伸展到折纸表面形成合成纳米线路的模板。基于设计的D NA折纸模板,我们合成了多种金属纳米线路图案和多种金属化合物纳米线路图案。通过D NA折纸的拼接,我们实现了纳米线路的集成。我们设计的合成方法的优点之一是,在成功合成出纳米线路的同时,保留了D NA折纸自身的纳米可寻址能力。3.设计了一种新的基于查找表的D NA计算模型。D NA分子间特异性的识别和自组装能力,可以被用来设计和构建复杂的逻辑关系和计算,解决一些数学问题等。我们设计一个D NA链库作为查找表,利用D NA链间特异杂交,将二元变量的相乘结果从D NA链库中筛选出来。这种基于查找表的计算模式,降低了体系的复杂度和设计难度。同时,我们采用相同的设计方案,构建出一个进行信息转化的查找表,通过D NA链匹配杂交,将计算结果D NA链信息转化成七段式数字显示信息,并最终将计算结果以数字形式显示出来。这种数字显示方式,提高了D NA计算结果的可读性。同时,这种利用D NA链进行信息转化的方式,展示了D NA分子在信息编码与解码中的巨大应用潜力。
[Abstract]:Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA (DNA) is a molecule that plays a genetic role in biological cells. Two complementary single strands of DNA can form double-stranded structures through base pairing. DNA molecules have this specific ability to recognize and self-assemble, as well as the programmability of sequences, making them a very good construction material for microstructures and nanostructures. In recent decades, it has been widely used in micro-nano research. Based on the characteristics of self-assembly of DNA molecules, the microstructures of DNA molecules were used as microstructures in this paper. In the following three directions, the molecular structure of DNA was explored in the following three directions: 1. The design and construction of a kind of controllable hydrogel. DNA molecule based on branched DNA chain hybridization has two characteristics, one of which is the self-assembly ability of DNA molecule. Another characteristic is that DNA molecules have sequence programmability. DNA molecules can form macroscopical DNA hydrogels through bottom-up self-assembly. The traditional preparation of DNA hydrogels is a homogeneous hybrid synthesis method, which has no control over the gel formation process. We designed a branched D-NA chain hybridization reaction to form DNA hydrogel under control. This reaction first needs to be triggered by adding an initiator chain, and the hybrid reaction can be continuously cascaded after triggered, and finally the hydrogel of 3D DNA network is formed. The gelation process can be controlled by initiator chain and reaction time, and the strength of DNA gel can be controlled by concentration. We further arrange the initiator chain on the chip surface, and the initiator chain initiates the gelation reaction on the surface. Finally, different 2D D na hydrogel patterns. 2 can be constructed without additional mold. In situ growth of nanoscale patterns. DNA molecules are characterized by self-assembly and sequence programmability. One of the most successful applications is that DNA origami technique. DNA origami is designed by designing the hybridization relationship between DNA chains. Using a group of short D na strands, a long single strand D na was stitched up like a stapling, and a 2D or 3 D na nanostructure was formed by self assembly. After annealing and self-assembly, the extended single strand is extended to the surface of origami to form a template for synthesizing nanocircuits. Based on the designed DNA origami template, we synthesized various metal nanofilament patterns and metal compound nanowire patterns. By combining D NA origami, we realize the integration of nanowires. One of the advantages of the synthesis method we designed is that the nanowires are successfully synthesized while retaining the nano-addressable ability of DNA origami. A new DNA computing model based on look-up table is designed. The ability of recognition and self-assembly between DNA molecules can be used to design and construct complex logic relations and calculations, and solve some mathematical problems. We designed a DNA chain library as a lookup table and screened out the result of multiplying the binary variables from the DNA chain library by using the specific hybridization between the DNA chains. This computing model based on lookup table reduces the complexity and design difficulty of the system. At the same time, using the same design scheme, we construct a lookup table for information transformation. By using D-NA chain matching hybridization, the results of the calculation are converted into seven-segment digital display information. Finally, the results of the calculation are shown in numerical form. This digital display improves the readability of the results of the D na calculation. At the same time, this way of transforming information by using DNA chain shows the great application potential of DNA molecule in information coding and decoding.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(上海应用物理研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O629.74;TB383.1

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