汽车尾气中重金属污染物的去除方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 01:19

本文选题：重金属 + ICP-MS　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会经济的快速发展使人们的生活水平提高。随着汽车数量的持续增加,在给生活带来便利的同时,汽车尾气污染现象也日愈严重。在汽车尾气排放过程中,重金属污染物对空气、水体和土壤等造成的危害不容忽视。本文对来自中石油、中石化的92#、95#汽油,0#柴油汽车尾气中13种重金属的含量进行了分析测定,并对其去除方法进行研究。应用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对汽车尾气中13种重金属进行了测定。平均回收率83.2~110.2%,相对标准偏差为1.1~3.8%,方法的检测限范围1.3~5.6,完成了与基质相匹配的标准曲线,13种重金属的相关系数R2为0.9992~0.9999,呈良好的线性关系。利用堇青石蜂窝陶瓷作载体,分别涂覆不同浓度石墨烯和碳纳米管,优化条件下对比,确定石墨烯的最佳浓度为0.5%,碳纳米管的最佳浓度为0.35%。实验结果表明:碳纳米管的吸附率比石墨烯高出15%。石墨烯是良好的介孔材料,可用于汽车尾气中重金属污染物的去除。L-半胱氨酸是一种含有巯基的常见蛋白质,可与石墨烯和碳纳米管中羟基结合形成稳定络合物,对比石墨烯和碳纳米管分别涂覆不同浓度半胱氨酸,去除汽车尾气中的重金属污染物,优化条件后,得出结论半胱氨酸的最佳浓度为0.2%。涂覆后碳纳米管的吸附率比石墨烯高出25%,吸附性能良好。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of social economy makes people's living standard improve. With the increase of the number of cars, the pollution of automobile exhaust is becoming more and more serious. In the process of automobile exhaust emission, the harm caused by heavy metal pollutants to air, water and soil can not be ignored. In this paper, the contents of 13 heavy metals in the exhaust gas of a diesel vehicle from PetroChina and Sinopec were analyzed and determined, and the removal methods were studied. 13 heavy metals in automobile exhaust were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The average recovery was 83.2 卤110.2 and the relative standard deviation was 1.1 ~ 3.8.The detection limit of the method was 1.3 ~ 5.6.The correlation coefficient R ~ 2 of 13 heavy metals matched with the matrix was 0.9992 ~ 0.9999, showing a good linear relationship. Using cordierite honeycomb ceramics as carrier, graphene and carbon nanotubes were coated with different concentrations, and the optimum concentration of graphene and carbon nanotube were determined to be 0.5 and 0.35 respectively. The experimental results show that the adsorption rate of carbon nanotubes is 15% higher than that of graphene. Graphene is a good mesoporous material, which can be used to remove heavy metal pollutants in automobile exhaust. L- cysteine is a common protein containing sulfhydryl group, which can bind with graphene and hydroxyl in carbon nanotubes to form a stable complex. Compared with graphene and carbon nanotubes, cysteine was coated with different concentrations of cysteine to remove heavy metal pollutants from automobile exhaust. After optimizing the conditions, it was concluded that the optimum concentration of cysteine was 0.2. The adsorption rate of coated carbon nanotubes is 25% higher than that of graphene.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X734.2;O647.3

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