多支状的金纳米粒子的制备以及对金属离子的光谱学分析

发布时间：2018-06-18 12:45

  本文选题：金纳米星 + 金纳米花　； 参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：金纳米粒子的光学或光电学性质与其形状密切相关。不同形状的纳米粒子具有独特的激子共振响应,其中各向异性较强的粒子,在可见光波长范围内呈现多个表面等离子体共振(SPR)峰。所以通过控制金粒子的形状可以用来调节其光学性质。SPR的机理是基于金纳米粒子的诱导聚集状态改变而引起颜色变化,SPR对于纳米粒子尺寸及其形貌以及纳米粒子所处的外界环境比较敏感。可以运用紫外可见光谱进行生物、化学等方面的分析。而在众多形貌中,各向异性金纳米粒子显示出不同寻常和非凡的物理和化学性质,尤其是多支状的金纳米粒子(如金纳米星、金纳米花),其尖锐的纳米粒子结构使其具有更强的SERS效应。目前科研者广泛地将它们用作生物分析及金属离子比色、SERS检测。本论文中,我们通过晶种生长法,分别在无表面活性剂以及有CTAB存在的条件下制备出粒径、形貌均匀的单分散的金纳米星和金纳米花。合成出的多支状的金纳米粒子均易于表面修饰,且体现出良好的SERS性能。在此基础上,我们再利用表面功能化的金纳米星作为基底对金属铝离子进行检测以及研究,具体内容如下:(1)第2章通过改变金种及生长溶液中柠檬酸三钠的量,在室温下利用晶种合成法制备出粒径可控的特殊形貌的金纳米粒子—金纳米星;着重探究了金种的量对于金纳米粒子形貌、粒径以及光学性质的影响。探究了其在SERS光谱分析中的应用前景。(2)第3章通过改变金种及生长溶液中各反应物的量,在存在有表面活性剂CTAB,恒温30℃的条件下合成出粒径可控的特殊形貌金纳米粒子—金纳米花。探究了其在紫外可见吸收光谱分析中的应用前景。(3)第4章利用3-巯基丙酸功能化的金纳米星(MPA-AuNSs)为基底。运用比色法定性、定量检测Al~(3+)。检测过程中随着加入Al~(3+)浓度的升高,紫外可见吸收光谱597nm处的吸收峰逐渐消失,799nm处的聚沉峰峰值越来越高。且浓度过高时金纳米星完全聚沉,紫外可见吸收峰全部消失。本章通过实验对检测Al~(3+)的灵敏度以及选择性进行了深度的探究。该基底在检测Al~(3+)表现出了高灵敏度,检出限为1.2μM。通过对比不同浓度不同的金属离子(Al~(3+),Cd2+,Co2+,Cu2+,K+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Pb2+,Zn2+),得出单独的金属离子不会对检测产生干扰,证明该基底可以特异性检测Al~(3+)。因此MPA-AuNSs在实际生活中可以有广泛的应用。例如饮用水、食品中Al~(3+)的微量检测。
[Abstract]:The optical or photoelectric properties of gold nanoparticles are closely related to their shape. Different shapes of nanoparticles have a unique exciton resonance response, among which the strongly anisotropic particles exhibit multiple surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks in the visible wavelength range. So by controlling the shape of gold particles can be used to adjust its optical properties. SPR mechanism is based on the gold nanoparticles induced aggregation state change and cause color change. The external environment is relatively sensitive. UV-visible spectrum can be used for biological, chemical and other aspects of analysis. Among the many morphologies, anisotropic gold nanoparticles exhibit unusual and extraordinary physical and chemical properties, especially multi-branched gold nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles, The sharp structure of gold nanoparticles makes it have stronger SERS effect. At present, they are widely used in biological analysis and metal ion colorimetric SERS detection. In this thesis, we prepared monodisperse gold nanoparticles and gold nanoflowers with uniform particle size and uniform morphology in the presence of CTAB and non-surfactant by the method of seed growth. The synthesized multi-branched gold nanoparticles are easy to surface modification and exhibit good SERS properties. On this basis, we use the surface-functionalized gold nanosars as the substrate to detect and study the metal aluminum ions, as follows: chapter 2 changes the amount of trisodium citrate in gold species and growth solution. Gold nanoparticles with controllable particle size were prepared by seed synthesis at room temperature, and the effects of the amount of gold seeds on the morphology, particle size and optical properties of gold nanoparticles were investigated. In chapter 3, by changing the amount of reactants in gold species and growth solution, In the presence of surfactant CTAB and constant temperature of 30 鈩，

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