微纳米结构聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）及其复合材料的制备与热电性能研究

发布时间：2018-10-14 17:24

【摘要】：热电材料是一种利用塞贝克效应、帕尔贴效应和汤姆森效应实现热能和电能直接相互转换的绿色能源材料。迄今为止,高性能的热电材料大部分为无机半导体材料,然而由于其资源有限、毒性大、可加工性差等因素,限制了它们的广泛应用。而导电聚合物材料恰恰在一定程度上弥补了无机材料的不足,近年来已经逐渐成为热电领域的研究热点。而其中的聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)(PEDOT),由于其具有结构简单、稳定性好以及电导率高等优点,在有机薄膜太阳能电池材料、抗静电涂层、电致变色材料、塑料电子元件、透明电池材料和传感器等方面应用广泛。本文的研究工作主要集中在PEDOT微纳米结构的可控构筑及其复合材料的制备和热电性能研究。工作内容主要分为以下三个部分:1.采用反相胶束法,以氯化铁为氧化剂,合成了常规鳞片状和四种微纳米结构的PEDOT(球状、棒状、管状和纤维状)。通过对其电导率和塞贝克系数的系统性测试,发现其功率因子与聚合物纳米结构形貌密切相关,且遵循:常规鳞片状球状棒状管状纤维状的顺序。通过霍尔效应、X-射线衍射、X-射线光电子能谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱的测试和分析,较深入地解释了热电性能提高的原因。2.采用反相胶束法,通过化学氧化的方法分别在二甲苯和正己烷溶剂中制备了两种具有不同纳米结构的PEDOT/SWCNT复合材料。其中以二甲苯为溶剂制得的具有“珊瑚结构”的复合材料比以正己烷为溶剂制得的具有光滑表面“电缆结构”的复合材料有更高的热电性能。同时,利用X-射线衍射、拉曼光谱和X-射线光电子能谱对复合材料的结构和性能之间关系进行了分析和阐述。3.通过化学氧化的方法在水相胶束中制备了包覆性较差的PEDOT/SWCNT复合材料。随着碳管含量的加入,热电性能明显提高,这可能和复合材料特殊的“钢筋水泥”结构有关。这种特殊的平面包覆结构可能有利于电子的传输,为以后设计高性能的热电材料提供了一个可能的途径。
[Abstract]:Thermoelectric material is a kind of green energy material which uses Seebeck effect, Partier effect and Thomson effect to realize the direct conversion of heat energy and electric energy. Up to now, most of the high performance thermoelectric materials are inorganic semiconductor materials. However, due to their limited resources, high toxicity, poor processability and other factors, their wide application is limited. The conductive polymer materials to some extent make up for the lack of inorganic materials, in recent years has gradually become a hot spot in the field of thermoelectricity. Due to its advantages of simple structure, good stability and high conductivity, poly (3o 4- ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT),) is widely used in organic thin film solar cell materials, antistatic coatings, electrochromic materials, plastic electronic components, etc. Transparent battery materials and sensors are widely used. This paper focuses on the controllable construction of PEDOT microstructures and the preparation and thermoelectric properties of the composites. Work content is divided into the following three parts: 1. PEDOT (spherical, rod, tubular and fibrous) of conventional scale and four kinds of microstructures were synthesized by reverse micelle method with ferric chloride as oxidant. By systematic measurement of conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, it is found that the power factor is closely related to the morphology of polymer nanostructures, and follows the order of conventional scaly spherical tubular fibers. Through the measurement and analysis of Hall effect, X ray diffraction, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the reasons for the improvement of thermoelectric properties are explained. 2. Two kinds of PEDOT/SWCNT composites with different nanostructures were prepared by reversed-phase micelle method in xylene and n-hexane solvents by chemical oxidation. The composite with "coral structure" prepared by using xylene as solvent has higher thermoelectric properties than that with smooth surface "cable structure" prepared by using n-hexane as solvent. At the same time, the relationship between the structure and properties of the composites was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. PEDOT/SWCNT composites with poor cladding property were prepared by chemical oxidation in aqueous micelles. With the addition of carbon pipe, the thermoelectric properties are obviously improved, which may be related to the special "reinforced concrete" structure of composite material. This special planar cladding structure may be beneficial to the transmission of electrons, which provides a possible way for the design of high performance thermoelectric materials in the future.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：O633.5

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