蓖麻油基表面活性剂分子内多官能团的构效关系研究

发布时间：2018-11-09 17:57

【摘要】：蓖麻油酸甲酯分子中活性官能团较为丰富,含有双键、酯基和羟基,酯基和羟基同时加成一定数量的环氧乙烷(EO)生成蓖麻油酸甲脂乙氧基化物(CAMEE),CAMEE中的双键通过亚硫酸氢钠加成可以得到蓖麻油酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐(CAMES),而CAMEE在强碱的条件下水解可以得到异构的AEC—蓖麻油酸钠支链聚氧乙烯醚(CAMEC),本论文主要制备了不同平均EO加合数的CAMES和CAMEC,并对其构效关系进行研究。具体内容包括四个部分:(1)CAMES的制备和鉴定。以精制蓖麻油为原料通过酯交换制备蓖麻油酸甲酯,蓖麻油酸甲酯乙氧基化制备一系列不同平均EO加合数的CAMEE,CAMEE和亚硫酸氢钠反应生成CAMES。首先鉴定CAMEE的分子结构,然后对CAMES的制备工艺进行探索并得到最佳的反应条件,用两相萃取法提纯CAMES。最终采取红外和核磁等手段对CAMES分子结构进行鉴定。(2)CAMEE和CAMES的性能研究。研究了不同平均EO加合数的CAMEE和CAMES的表面性能和应用性能,结果表明:CAMES是一种低泡、乳化能力强、表面活性好的新型磺酸盐表面活性剂。当平均EiO加合数相同时,CAMES的Ycmc比CAMEE低,而且润湿性、发泡能力、泡沫稳定性、去污能力和表观耐碱性都有所增强。(3)CAMEC是一种异构的AEC, EO链位于疏水链的支链位置。分别制备了理论平均EO加合数为2, 4, 6的CAMEC,确定其分子结构,并研究了它们基本的物化性能。结果表明:CAMEC是一种新型的无泡阴离子表面活性剂,有着较低的cmc但是γcmc较大,而且它的润湿性能随着支链平均EO加合数的增加而减弱。(4)以CAMEC4为例研究了 CAMEC在水溶液中的聚集行为。结果表明:随着浓度的升高,CAMEC4可以在水溶液中自发形成囊泡,囊泡的尺寸随着浓度的继续升高而减小,但是囊泡的稳定性却变差,形成囊泡的原因可能是分子间氢键的作用。
[Abstract]:Methyl castor oil is rich in active functional groups and contains double bonds, ester and hydroxyl groups are added to a certain number of ethylene oxide (EO) to form (CAMEE), a methylidene ethoxylation compound of castor oleic acid. The double bond in CAMEE can be added by sodium bisulfite to obtain the ethoxylated (CAMES), of castor oleic acid methyl ester, while the CAMEE can hydrolyze under the condition of strong base to obtain the isomerized AEC- sodium ricinoleate branched polyoxyethylene ether (CAMEC),. In this thesis, CAMES and CAMEC, with different average EO addition numbers were prepared and their structure-activity relationships were studied. The content includes four parts: (1) preparation and identification of CAMES. Methyl castor oil was prepared by transesterification from refined castor oil. A series of CAMEE,CAMEE with different average EO and sodium bisulfite were prepared by ethoxylation of methyl castor oil to form CAMES.. The molecular structure of CAMEE was first identified, then the preparation process of CAMES was explored and the optimum reaction conditions were obtained. CAMES. was purified by two-phase extraction method. Finally, the molecular structure of CAMES was identified by IR and NMR. (2) the properties of CAMEE and CAMES were studied. The surface properties and application properties of CAMEE and CAMES with different average EO addition numbers were studied. The results show that CAMES is a new sulfonate surfactant with low foaming, strong emulsifying ability and good surface activity. When the average EiO addition number is the same, the Ycmc of CAMES is lower than that of CAMEE, and the wettability, foaming ability, foam stability, decontamination ability and apparent alkali resistance of CAMES are all enhanced. (3) CAMEC is a kind of heterogeneous AEC, EO chain located in the branch chain of hydrophobic chain. The molecular structures of CAMEC, with theoretical average EO addition numbers of 2,4,6 were prepared, and their basic physical and chemical properties were studied. The results show that CAMEC is a new foam free anionic surfactant with lower cmc but larger 纬 cmc. Moreover, its wettability decreases with the increase of the average EO addition number of branched chains. (4) the aggregation behavior of CAMEC in aqueous solution is studied by taking CAMEC4 as an example. The results show that CAMEC4 can spontaneously form vesicles in aqueous solution with increasing concentration, and the size of vesicles decreases with increasing concentration. However, the stability of vesicles becomes worse, and the formation of vesicles may be due to the effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
【学位授予单位】：中国日用化学工业研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O647.2

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