石墨烯对参类饮料中皂苷类成分和拟除虫菊酯类农药富集作用的研究

发布时间：2018-11-15 06:44

【摘要】：生产参类饮料的原材料主要来源于人参、西洋参、红参的根部、茎叶以及果实等,通过浸提、调配、精滤、杀菌等工艺制作成成品,得到功能性饮料。人参皂苷是参类饮料中的主要活性成分,因此参类饮料中人参皂苷的含量及皂苷单体比例成为参类饮料很重要的一个评价指标。为了防止病、虫害,参农在种植参类过程中通常施用大量农药。高毒有机磷农药被禁用后,拟除虫菊酯类农药以低毒、高效、低残留等特点,广泛用于防治参类病虫害。但拟除虫菊酯类农药有一定的蓄积性,其中有些品种对人有致畸、致癌作用,直接影响参类产品质量。参类制品中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的问题已成为我国参类制品推广受阻的主要原因。石墨烯比表面积巨大,具有吸附特性,可以作为新型吸附剂吸附功能性成分和农药残留等。本文在系统查阅了国内外文献,针对参类饮料中人参皂苷的萃取方法和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的富集以及人参皂苷单体的抗过敏活性,开展了以下研究工作:(1)以参类饮料为研究对象,采用磁性石墨烯为吸附剂,利用磁性固相萃取法(MSPE)萃取参类饮料中的常见人参皂苷Rg1和Re,在影响人参皂苷提取率的单因素的基础上,设计正交实验,优化了洗脱剂种类、洗脱剂用量、提取时间和液固比等参数,确定最佳萃取条件为采用提取剂为甲醇,萃取体积8 m L、萃取时间40 min,料液比为2:3时,参类饮料中的人参皂苷达到较高的提取率。经过最有条件下的验证实验,参类饮料中常见人参皂苷Rg1、Re的含量分别为47.51μg/m L和58.60μg/m L。(2)采用氧化石墨烯作为吸附剂,从参类饮料中富集拟除虫菊酯类农药残留。考查影响富集效果的单因素,并设计正交实验,优化富集工艺。研究了快速从饮料中吸附拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的方法,当采用吸附剂氧化石墨烯用量为2 mg,吸附时间20 min,后采用丙酮-环己烷(1:1)为洗脱剂,洗脱剂体积为8 m L,进行洗脱,拟除虫菊酯类农药得到了较好的富集效果,对所选5种拟除虫菊酯类农药,氟氯氰菊酯、七氟菊酯、氯戊菊酯、氯菊酯和联苯菊酯的回收率分别为:105.98%,65.93%,105.17%,93.69%,89.46%。(3)采用RBL-2H3细胞建立肥大细胞脱颗粒模型,测定人参皂苷单体Rg1和Re对抗原诱导RBL-2H3细胞活化脱颗粒β-HEX释放的影响,在一定浓度范围内(1.5625、3.125、6.25、12.5和25μM),人参皂苷Rg1对抗原诱导RBL-2H3细胞释放?-HEX的抑制作用明显增加,在浓度范围为(3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50μM)时人参皂苷Re对抗原诱导RBL-2H3细胞释放?-HEX的抑制作用明显增加。由此可知,人参皂苷Rg1、Re具有一定的抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒作用。
[Abstract]:The raw materials for producing ginseng beverage mainly come from the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of ginseng, American ginseng, red ginseng, etc. The functional drinks are obtained by extraction, blending, fine filtration, sterilization and so on. Ginsenoside is the main active component in ginseng beverage, so the content of ginsenoside and the ratio of ginsenoside monomer in ginseng beverage are very important indexes. To prevent diseases and pests, ginseng farmers usually use a large number of pesticides in the process of planting ginseng. After highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides were banned, pyrethroid pesticides were widely used to control diseases and insect pests of ginseng with the characteristics of low toxicity, high efficiency and low residue. But pyrethroid pesticides have a certain accumulation, and some of them have teratogenic and carcinogenic effects on human beings, which directly affect the quality of ginseng products. The problem of pyrethroid pesticide residues in ginseng products has become the main reason of hindrance to the popularization of ginseng products in China. Graphene has a large surface area and can be used as a new adsorbent to adsorb functional components and pesticide residues. In this paper, the domestic and foreign literatures were systematically reviewed. The extraction method of ginsenoside and the enrichment of pyrethroid pesticide residues in ginseng beverage and the antiallergic activity of ginsenoside monomer were studied. The following research works were carried out: (1) the common ginsenoside Rg1 and Re, were extracted by magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) with magnetic graphene as adsorbent and reference beverage as the object of study. On the basis of single factor affecting the extraction rate of ginsenoside, orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the parameters of eluent, amount of eluent, extraction time and liquid-solid ratio. The optimum extraction conditions were determined as follows: methanol was used as extractant. When the extraction volume is 8 mL, the extraction time is 40 min, the ratio of solid to liquid is 2:3, the extraction rate of ginsenoside in ginseng beverage is high. The contents of ginsenoside Rg1,Re in ginseng beverage were 47.51 渭 g / mL and 58.60 渭 g / mL respectively. (2) graphene oxide was used as adsorbent. Pyrethroid pesticide residues were enriched from ginseng beverage. The single factor influencing the enrichment effect was investigated, and the orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the enrichment process. The method of rapid adsorption of pyrethroid pesticide residues from beverages was studied. Acetone-cyclohexane (1:1) was used as eluant after 20 min, adsorption time of 2 mg, adsorbent graphene oxide. The volume of eluant was 8 mL, and the pyrethroid pesticides were well enriched. Five pyrethroid pesticides, cypermethrin, sevopermethrin, fenvalerate, pyrethroid, pyrethroid and pyrethroid were eluted. The recoveries of permethrin and bifenthrin were 105.98 and 65.93, respectively. (3) RBL-2H3 cells were used to establish mast cell degranulation model. The effects of ginsenoside monomers Rg1 and Re on antigen-induced release of 尾-HEX from activated degranulated RBL-2H3 cells were determined in a certain concentration range (1. 5625, 3.125, 6. 25, 12.5 and 25 渭 M), respectively). Ginsenoside Rg1 significantly increased the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the antigen-induced release of HEX from RBL-2H3 cells, and the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Re on the antigen-induced release of RBL-2H3 cells? HEX was significantly increased in the concentration range of 3.125 渭 M (3.125 渭 M) and 12.5 渭 M (12.5 渭 M). Therefore, ginsenoside Rg1,Re can inhibit mast cell degranulation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS275.4;O652.6

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