出口南瓜子营养成分分析与质量检验

发布时间：2018-12-09 19:06

【摘要】：以黑龙江省出口南瓜子主栽培品种甜栗王、香栗23、艾碧斯红栗、蜜本1号为研究材料,首先对出口南瓜子的营养成分进行了分析,其次对其形态指标、感官检验指标、农药残留以及重金属污染等开展了多方面的质量检验研究,以期为出口南瓜子的质量安全和品质育种提供理论依据,该研究为丰富食物成分数据库的内容和南瓜子系列产品的开发奠定一定的科学基础。出口南瓜子的营养成分研究在进行了不同品种出口南瓜子的纤维素、蛋白质、脂肪及多糖等含量的测定与分析的基础上,采用高效液相色谱法和气相色谱法分别对南瓜子中主要功效物质糖蛋白和南瓜子油中脂肪酸进行了含量测定与分析,用离子发射光谱法测定了不同品种南瓜子10种矿质元素的含量;出口南瓜子质量检验首先对其长、宽、厚度、千粒重及出仁率等形态指标进行了测定,其次对出口南瓜子进行了感官检验,另外采用气-质谱联用法和原子吸收光谱法对出口南瓜子的12种农药残留和6种重金属含量进行了测定与分析。研究结果表明:1.通过对南瓜子营养成分和矿质元素的含量测定及差异性分析,可知不同品种南瓜子在各项检测指标整体均达到差异极显著水平。营养成分和矿物质含量与其品种和生长环境有密切关系。其中粗纤维含量最高者为香栗23;多糖和粗蛋白含量最高者为甜栗王;粗脂肪含量最高者为艾碧斯红栗。不同品种南瓜子中K、Mg、Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu、Al、Na差异极显著,证明南瓜子为高钾低钠植物;高效液相色谱法对南瓜子醇提取物中糖蛋白含量测定结果显示,甜栗王中糖蛋白含量最高为583.68 mg/g;气相色谱法对南瓜子油测定结果显示,四个品种南瓜子油中不饱和脂肪酸含量差异显著,亚油酸和亚麻酸含量最高者均为艾碧斯红栗,油酸含量最高者为甜栗王。2.种子形态指标结果表明,不同品种南瓜子在种长、宽、厚度、千粒重、出仁率种子方面均存在极显著差异性,艾碧斯红栗在种子形态特征上优于其它品种;南瓜子感官检验结果显示,艾碧斯红栗在纯度、杂质和不完善粒方面,与其他品种均有显著差异;农药残留研究显示,不同样品中的12种农药残留均未超过国家食品安全标准;重金属含量检测表明,不同南瓜子中的Cd、Cu、Pb、Cr、As、Hg等重金属含量均未超出国家食品安全标准。
[Abstract]:The main cultivated varieties of pumpkin seeds in Heilongjiang Province, such as sweet chestnut, Xiangli 23, Abies red chestnut and Mimoto 1, were used as the research materials. The nutritive components of the exported pumpkin seeds were analyzed at first, and then the morphological indexes and sensory examination indexes were analyzed. In order to provide theoretical basis for quality safety and quality breeding of pumpkin seeds for export, pesticide residues and heavy metal pollution have been studied in many aspects. This study lays a scientific foundation for enriching the contents of food ingredients database and the development of pumpkin seeds. On the basis of the determination and analysis of the contents of cellulose, protein, fat and polysaccharides in different varieties of pumpkin seeds, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) were used to determine the contents of glycoprotein and fatty acid in pumpkin seed oil. The contents of 10 mineral elements in different varieties of pumpkin seeds were determined by ion emission spectrometry. The length, width, thickness, 1000-grain weight and kernel rate of pumpkin seeds for export were measured first, and then sensory tests were carried out for export seeds. In addition, 12 pesticide residues and 6 heavy metals in pumpkin seeds were determined and analyzed by gas mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that: 1. Through the determination and analysis of the contents of nutrients and mineral elements in the seeds of pumpkin, it can be seen that the different varieties of pumpkin seeds have reached the most significant level in the whole testing index. The nutrient composition and mineral content are closely related to its variety and growing environment. The content of crude fiber was highest, the content of polysaccharide and crude protein was the highest, the content of crude fat was the highest. The difference of K _ (2 +) mg ~ (2 +) Ca ~ (2 +) Fe ~ (2 +) mn ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Na in different varieties of pumpkin seeds is very significant, which proves that pumpkin seeds are high potassium and low sodium plant. The determination of glycoprotein content in the alcohol extract of pumpkin seeds by HPLC showed that the highest glycoprotein content in sweet chestnut was 583.68 mg/g;. The results of gas chromatography showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the four varieties of pumpkin seed oil was significantly different. The highest linoleic acid and linolenic acid content in the four varieties were both Ebiscus chestnut, and the highest oleic acid content was the sweet chestnut. 2. The results of seed morphology showed that there were significant differences in seed length, width, thickness, 1000-grain weight and seed yield among different varieties of pumpkin seeds, and the seed morphological characteristics of Ebiscus mollissima were superior to those of other varieties. Sensory examination of pumpkin seeds showed that there were significant differences in purity, impurity and imperfections between Chinese chestnut and other varieties, and pesticide residue studies showed that 12 pesticide residues in different samples did not exceed the national food safety standards. The content of heavy metals in different pumpkin seeds, such as Cd,Cu,Pb,Cr,As,Hg, did not exceed the national food safety standard.
【学位授予单位】：佳木斯大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS255.6;O657.63

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