ICP-AES和ICP-MS在环境分析中的应用研究
发布时间：2018-12-14 15:43
【摘要】：重金属污染具有长期性、蓄积性和不可逆性等特点,具有显著的生物毒性。近年来,环境重金属的污染监测及其对健康的危害日益受到社会的关注。本文采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分别对大气颗粒物、水体、土壤三种环境载体的样品进行金属元素含量的测定,通过大量实验数据的统计分析,对ICP-AES和ICP-MS法在环境样品分析中的应用进行探索和研究。选取澳门娱乐场所82个PM2.5样品和82个PM10样品为分析对象。超声提取水溶性元素,采用ICP-AES测定Al、Ca、K、Mg、Na等5种元素含量,采用ICP-MS测定含量较低的Ti、Zn、Sn等14种元素；结果表明,PM2.5和PM10的金属元素含量分布可大致分为三类,其中Na含量最高平均值分别为21.49 mg/L和21.32 m/L,Al、Ca、Mg、K、Fe、Zn、As、Ba平均值分布在0.02-6.78 mg/L范围内,Ti、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Hg、Cd、Pb、Sn平均值分布在0.04～7.91 μg/L范围内,As含量均超出GB3095-2012国标要求；混酸消解提取样品中全部金属元素,采用ICP-AES测定Al、B、Ba等30种元素含量。利用SPSS软件对水溶性和酸消解法数据进行相关性分析和同源性解析,结果显示水溶性元素可能由扬尘引入,酸消解元素主要由其他因素引起。采用直接稀释法对大连近海海域9个样品中P、B、Mg、Ca、K 5种元素含量进行测定,加标回收率为92.92％～118.8%,证明该方法可行。对北方某村10个井水样品和附近水库水中元素含量进行分析,采用ICP-AES测定Mg、Na、Ca等8种元素含量,ICP-MS测定Pb、Cd、B等12种元素含量。结果表明,对照GB 5749-2006,井水中Fe含量均超标,有5个样品中Se含量超出GB 5749-2006要求,但是符合GB 8537-2008要求。元素含量的相关性分析结果显示Ba、Ca、Mg、Na元素具有同源性,P与Ca、Mg、Na来源相近,而与Ba有不同的来源,K具有跟其它元素都不相同的来源。利用HNO_3、HClO_4、HF混酸对北方某村15个土壤样品进行消解,采用ICP-AES测定As、Ni、P等21个元素。经测定,该地区土壤中As超标,用SPSS软件进行聚类分析,结果表明土壤与地下水的金属元素来源不同,这从另一个角度验证了表层土壤和井水中金属元素相关系数较低,元素在表层土壤和地下井水中的分布差距较大。通过对测定结果的分析表明,ICP-AES和ICP-MS法具有重复性好、准确度高、污染小等优点,其在大气颗粒物、水体、土壤环境中的分析具有很好的应用性。ICP-AES和ICP-MS法在环境中的应用研究对控制污染源、维持人类健康具有至关重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollution has the characteristics of long term accumulation and irreversibility and has remarkable biological toxicity. In recent years, the pollution monitoring of environmental heavy metals and its harm to health have been paid more and more attention by the society. In this paper, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine the contents of metal elements in three kinds of environmental carriers: atmospheric particulate matter, water body and soil, respectively. The application of ICP-AES and ICP-MS in the analysis of environmental samples was studied by statistical analysis of a large number of experimental data. 82 samples of PM2.5 and 82 samples of PM10 were selected for analysis. Ultrasonic extraction of water-soluble elements, ICP-AES determination of Al,Ca,K,Mg,Na and other five elements content, ICP-MS determination of lower content of Ti,Zn,Sn and other 14 elements; The results show that the distribution of metal elements in PM2.5 and PM10 can be roughly divided into three categories, in which the highest average values of Na content are 21.49 mg/L and 21.32 m / L respectively. The average value of Ba was in the range of 0.02-6.78 mg/L, and the average value of Ti,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Hg,Cd,Pb,Sn was in the range of 0.04 ~ 7.91 渭 g / L, the content of As exceeded the requirement of GB3095-2012 national standard. All the metal elements in the sample were extracted by mixed acid digestion and the content of 30 elements such as Al,B,Ba were determined by ICP-AES. Correlation analysis and homology analysis of water-soluble and acid digestion data were carried out by using SPSS software. The results showed that water-soluble elements may be introduced by dust, while acid digestion elements are mainly caused by other factors. A direct dilution method was used to determine the contents of 5 elements in 9 samples from the coastal waters of Dalian. The recoveries of the five elements were 92.922% and 118.8% respectively, which proved that the method was feasible. The contents of elements in 10 well water samples and nearby reservoirs in a village in northern China were analyzed. The contents of 8 elements of Mg,Na,Ca and 12 elements of Pb,Cd,B were determined by ICP-AES and 12 elements by ICP-MS. The results showed that compared with GB 5749-2006, the content of Fe in well water exceeded the standard, and the content of Se in 5 samples exceeded the requirement of GB 5749-2006, but met the requirement of GB 8537-2008. The results of correlation analysis of element contents showed that Ba,Ca,Mg,Na elements had homology, P and Ca,Mg,Na sources were similar, but had different sources from Ba, and K had different sources from other elements. Fifteen soil samples from a village in northern China were digested by HNO_3,HClO_4,HF mixed acid and 21 elements such as As,Ni,P were determined by ICP-AES. The results show that the sources of metal elements in soil and groundwater are different from each other, which proves that the correlation coefficient of metal elements in surface soil and well water is low. The distribution gap of elements in surface soil and underground well water is large. The analysis of the results shows that ICP-AES and ICP-MS have the advantages of good repeatability, high accuracy and little pollution. The application of ICP-AES and ICP-MS methods in environment is very important for controlling pollution sources and maintaining human health.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X830;O657
本文编号：2378890
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollution has the characteristics of long term accumulation and irreversibility and has remarkable biological toxicity. In recent years, the pollution monitoring of environmental heavy metals and its harm to health have been paid more and more attention by the society. In this paper, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine the contents of metal elements in three kinds of environmental carriers: atmospheric particulate matter, water body and soil, respectively. The application of ICP-AES and ICP-MS in the analysis of environmental samples was studied by statistical analysis of a large number of experimental data. 82 samples of PM2.5 and 82 samples of PM10 were selected for analysis. Ultrasonic extraction of water-soluble elements, ICP-AES determination of Al,Ca,K,Mg,Na and other five elements content, ICP-MS determination of lower content of Ti,Zn,Sn and other 14 elements; The results show that the distribution of metal elements in PM2.5 and PM10 can be roughly divided into three categories, in which the highest average values of Na content are 21.49 mg/L and 21.32 m / L respectively. The average value of Ba was in the range of 0.02-6.78 mg/L, and the average value of Ti,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Hg,Cd,Pb,Sn was in the range of 0.04 ~ 7.91 渭 g / L, the content of As exceeded the requirement of GB3095-2012 national standard. All the metal elements in the sample were extracted by mixed acid digestion and the content of 30 elements such as Al,B,Ba were determined by ICP-AES. Correlation analysis and homology analysis of water-soluble and acid digestion data were carried out by using SPSS software. The results showed that water-soluble elements may be introduced by dust, while acid digestion elements are mainly caused by other factors. A direct dilution method was used to determine the contents of 5 elements in 9 samples from the coastal waters of Dalian. The recoveries of the five elements were 92.922% and 118.8% respectively, which proved that the method was feasible. The contents of elements in 10 well water samples and nearby reservoirs in a village in northern China were analyzed. The contents of 8 elements of Mg,Na,Ca and 12 elements of Pb,Cd,B were determined by ICP-AES and 12 elements by ICP-MS. The results showed that compared with GB 5749-2006, the content of Fe in well water exceeded the standard, and the content of Se in 5 samples exceeded the requirement of GB 5749-2006, but met the requirement of GB 8537-2008. The results of correlation analysis of element contents showed that Ba,Ca,Mg,Na elements had homology, P and Ca,Mg,Na sources were similar, but had different sources from Ba, and K had different sources from other elements. Fifteen soil samples from a village in northern China were digested by HNO_3,HClO_4,HF mixed acid and 21 elements such as As,Ni,P were determined by ICP-AES. The results show that the sources of metal elements in soil and groundwater are different from each other, which proves that the correlation coefficient of metal elements in surface soil and well water is low. The distribution gap of elements in surface soil and underground well water is large. The analysis of the results shows that ICP-AES and ICP-MS have the advantages of good repeatability, high accuracy and little pollution. The application of ICP-AES and ICP-MS methods in environment is very important for controlling pollution sources and maintaining human health.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X830;O657
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 章洋;;ICP-MS在环境监测中的应用和注意[J];中小企业管理与科技(上旬刊);2017年05期
，本文编号：2378890
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